资源描述：
《抗菌药物组成（英文ppt）antibacterial》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、ANTI-BACTERIALCompoundsGermicide/antisepticonskin&disinfectantonthingsExternaluse–mostareoxidants:Cl2,O3,I2,NaOCl,H2O2,KMnO4,Chloramine-TChloramine-TPhenol(s)TriclosanMethylsalicylatePhenols:generallytoxicthroughskinbut<1.5%istolerableegs.Lysol(=p-cresol),TCP(=trichlorophenol),phenol(c
2、arbolicacid,R=H),TriclosanListerinecontainsmenthol,thymol,methylsalicylateandeucalyptolQuaternaryAmmoniumCompounds-Mouthwash-R4N+X-CetylpyridiniumbromideDomiphenbromide(Life,Safewaybrands,etc.)Cetrimoniumbromideis(CH3)3N+(CH2)15CH3Br-=cetrimideChlorhexidine–forgingivitisINTERNALUSE:Bac
3、teriadividedintoGram+veandGram-vegroups:CrystalvioletstainturnsbothpurplebutonlyGram+vereaminsoafterI2treatmentandanacetone-alcohol-waterwashGram+vehavethickwallswithnooutermembraneandtrapstainegs.Streptococcus,Staphylococcus,PneumonococcusGame–vehavethinwallswithinnerandoutermembranes
4、anddoNOTretainthestainegs.Meningitis,Salmonella,E.Coli,PseudomonasTB(tuberculosis,consumption)(Mycobacteriumtuberculosis)destroyslungtissue,stillkillsca.1-2M/yWHOestimates1/3popofearthcarriesTBbacteriumTBvaccineessentiallywipedoutTBintheWestbutca.424K/ydrugresistantcases(ca.30K/yareVER
5、Ydrugresistant)UViccaseFebruary2009rifampicinandisoniazidaremostcommontreatmentbutprocedureislongandmanycutitshort:asaresult1.2%ofcasesareresistantSeriousconcernsthatTBcouldreappearinWest:Nonewdrugsfor40yearsbut~30nowunderstudyAnewJohnson&Johnsondrug(R207910)isundertrialsthatinhibitsAT
6、PsynthaseBayerisintrialswithmoxifloxacinNovartisisintrialswithanitroimidazoleTHESULFADRUGS:effectiveagainstmostGram+ve,someGram–veFOLICACIDPABAp-aminobenzoicacidWeeatfolicacid;bacteriamakeitfromPABA:wecanfoolthemusingsulfanilamidesotheydieofvitamindeficiencyasulfanilamideSulfapyridineS
7、ulfadiazineSulfathiazolesulfamethoxazolecommoninCanadaPENICILLINS(Narrowspectrumantibiotics)History:Originalmould:penicillinnotatum(pencilshapes)discoveredbyFlemingwhileworkingonstaphbacteria,leftcoverplateoffandnoticedbacteriadidnotgrownearmouldFlory(Oxford,1940)foundwaytoextractpen
