医学课件眼科学基础

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1、眼科学基础ChapteroneBasicophthalmology7/8/20211第一节眼的组织解剖anatomyofeyeball一．眼球Theglobe(eyeball)正常眼球的前后径出生时约16mm.3岁时达23mm.成年时24mm.anteriorandposteriordistanceofnormaleyeballis16mminborn.Atage323mm,atadult24mm7/8/20212（一）眼球壁Eyecoat1.外层Theoutercoat1/6角膜Cornea5/6巩膜Sclera7/8/20213（1）角膜Cornea横径The

2、transversediameter11.5-12mm垂直径Theverticaldiameter10.5-11mm7/8/20214前表面曲率半径Theradiusofconvexcurvatureinfront7.8mm后表面曲率半径Theradiusofconvexcurvatureinback6.8mm角膜厚度中央部Thecentralthickness0.5-0.55mm角膜厚度周边部Theperipherythickness1mm7/8/20215组织学分层①上皮细胞层Epithelium②前弹力层Bowman’smembrane③基质层Stroma④

3、后弹力层Descemet’smembrane⑤内皮细胞层Endothelium7/8/202167/8/20217(2)巩膜Sclera组织学分层①表层巩膜Theepisclera②巩膜实质层Thescleralstroma③棕黑板层Thelaminafascia7/8/20218角巩膜缘Limbus前房角Anteriorchamberangle7/8/202192．中层Themiddlecoat葡萄膜Uvea色素膜Tunicapigmentosa7/8/202110（1）虹膜Iris分层：①基质层Stroma②色素上皮层Pigmentepitheliallaye

4、r瞳孔Pupil:直径2.5-4mm7/8/202111(2)睫状体Ciliarybody睫状冠Parsplicata:前1/3睫状突Cliaryprocesses:睫状体扁平部Parsplana:后2/3锯齿缘Oraserrata:7/8/202112(3)脉络膜Choroid组成大血管层Largevascularlayer中血管层Middlevascularlayer毛细血管层Capillarylayer7/8/2021133．内层Innerlayer视网膜Retina中心凹Fovea黄斑Maculalutea中心小凹Foveola——黄斑中心凹Foveace

5、ntralis视盘Opticdisc——视乳头Opticpapilla视杯、杯凹Opticcup7/8/202114视网膜分层外层视网膜色素上皮层Retinalpigmentepithelium,RPE7/8/202115内层视网膜神经感觉层①   视锥、视杆细胞层（光感受器细胞层）Coneandrodlayer②外界膜Externallimitingmembrane③外核层Outernuclearlayer④外丛状层Outerplaxiform⑤内核层Innernuclearlayer⑥内丛状层Innerplexiformlayer⑦神经节细胞层Ganglion

6、celllayer⑧神经纤维层Nervefiberlayer⑨内界膜Limitingmembrane7/8/2021167/8/202117（二）眼球内容Contentsoftheeye1.房水Aqueoushumor前房Anteriorchamber后房Posteriorchamber7/8/2021182.晶状体Lens7/8/2021193.玻璃体Vitreousbody7/8/2021207/8/2021211.视路Visualpathway光感受器→双级细胞→神经节细胞→视乳头→视神经→视交叉→视束→外侧膝状体→视放射→视皮质retinalphotore

7、ceptor→bipolarcell→nervousganglioncells→opticdisk→opticnerve→opticchasm→optictract→lateralgeniculatebody→opticradiation→visualcortex.7/8/202122二、眼眶及附属器Orbitandaccessoryapparatus(一)眼眶Orbit1.视神经孔和视神经管Opticforamenandcanal2.眶上裂Superiororbitalfissure3.眶下裂Inferiororbitalfissure4.眶上切迹（或孔）The

8、supra