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1、血栓形成与血栓栓塞疾病分类 老年病科 概述血栓栓塞性疾病是包括血栓形成和栓塞,可以发生在血液循环中任何一处心腔、动脉或者静脉。如果血液在某一局部凝固形成血凝块称为血栓形成;形成的血栓脱离原来的位置,并顺血流堵塞其他部位则称为栓塞。ThrombosisandthromboembolicdiseaseclassificationGeriatricsOverviewofthromboembolicdiseaseincludethrombosisandembolism,canoccurinthebloodcirculationintheheartofanyone
2、chamber,arteryorvein.Ifbloodclotsforminalocalsolidificationcalledthrombosis;Theformationofthrombusfromtheoriginalposition,andotherpartsalongthebloodflowblockageiscalledembolization.症状体征 Symptomsandsigns1、静脉血栓形成 最为多见。常见于深静脉、如:髂静脉、股静脉、肠系末静脉及门静脉等,老年人尤常见下肢静脉血栓,其常见原因为手术、外伤、恶性肿瘤、血管炎等。但多
3、数原因不明。血栓类类型多为红细胞血栓肌纤维蛋白血栓。主要表现为:○1血栓形成局部肿胀、疼痛○2血栓远端血液回流障碍所致的临床异常,如下肢水肿、肿痛、皮肤颜色改变,腹水等。○3血栓脱落引起肺梗塞等。1,venousthrombosisismostcommon.Commoninthedeepveins,suchas:iliacvein,femoralvein,mesentericveinandportalveinendoftheelderlyinparticular,commondeepveinthrombosis,thecommonreasonforsurg
4、ery,trauma,cancer,vasculitis.However,mostofunknowncause.Classtype,mostlyredbloodcellthrombusthrombusthrombusmusclefiberprotein.Mainly:○1thrombosislocalswelling,pain○2distalbloodclotsclinicaldisorderscausedbyabnormalreflux,suchaslowerextremityedema,swelling,skincolorchanges,ascites
5、,etc.○3thrombosissuchaspulmonaryinfarction.2、动脉血栓形成多见于冠状动脉之脑动脉、肠系膜动脉及肢体动脉等,年龄是冠状动脉粥样硬化心脏病的重要因素,冠心病亦能老年人总常见的心脏病,并直接威胁其生命。脑血管疾病的高患病率,高复发率、高度致残给中老年带来极大痛苦。血栓类型早期多为血小板血栓,随后为纤维蛋白血栓。临床表现有:○1发病多较突然,可有局部剧烈疼痛,如心绞痛、头痛、腹痛、肢体剧烈疼痛等○2供血部位组织缺血,缺氧所致功能异常,如心力衰竭、心源性休克、心律失常、意识障碍及偏瘫等。○3血栓脱落引起脑栓塞、心肌梗死、肾
6、栓塞、脾栓塞等相关症状和体征,○4供血组织缺血性坏死所引发的临床表现,如发热等。2,coronaryarterialthrombosismorecommoninthecerebralartery,superiormesentericarteryandotherarterial,coronaryatherosclerosis,ageisanimportantfactorinheartdisease,coronaryheartdiseasealsocommonintheelderlygeneralheartdisease,andadirectthreattot
7、heirlives.Thehighprevalenceofcerebrovasculardisease,highrecurrencerate,ahighdegreeofdisabilityinoldagetobringgreatpain.Typeofearly,mostlyplateletthrombusthrombus,followedbyfibrinclots.Clinicalmanifestationsare:○1morethanasuddenonset,mayhavelocalpain,suchasangina,headache,abdominal
8、pain,limbpain,etc.○2bloodsupplyto