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1、WhyDoesQuarkMatter'Matter'?Thehistoryofmoderntechnologicaldevelopmentcanbeviewedasaseriesofinvestigations,witheverincreasingresolution,intothemicroscopicstructureofmatter.SincethedaysoftheearlyGreekphilosophers,sciencehasbeenonacontinualquesttofindthesmallestpiece—themostfundamentalbuildingblock—for
2、mingthesubstanceoftheuniverse.Duringthatjourney,manybeautifulandexoticpropertiesofthesubatomicworldhavebeendiscovered:particleswithwave-likepropertiestheultimatepositionofwhichcanneverbeknown;“particles”oflightthatdeliverafixedamountofenergywhentheystriketheatomsofamaterial’ssurface;particlesinsomet
3、ypesofelectricalconductorsthatpairinauniquewaybecauseofintrinsic“spin”sothat,belowacertaintemperature,allresistancegoestozero.Knowledgeoftheseandmanyotherpropertiesdiscoveredinthelastcenturyintheprocessofstudyingmatterateversmallerscalesletsususematterandenergyinwaystoofantastictoimaginejust50yearsa
4、go.Today'stechnologyreliesonabasicunderstandingofthestructureandpropertiesofmatter.Schoolchildrenworkonpersonalcomputersbaseduponstate-of-the-artelectronics.Diseasesareimaged,diagnosed,andtreatedwithoutsurgery.he"governingforthepeople","Nomattertheinterestsofthemasses"conceptunderstandingisnotinplac
5、e.Thespecificworktreatswiththedeployment,afewleadingcadrescomplainthatworkistoocomplicated,toomuchresponsibility,thepressureistoolarge,toomuchemphasisonthedifficultyofthework.Forexample,noncoalmineAndpeoplecanspeakclearlytoothersaroundtheworldusingaphonesmallerthanahumanhand.RHICisdesignedtoextendth
6、isfrontier,providingaccesstothemostfundamentalbuildingblocksofnatureknownsofar—quarksandgluons.Bycollidingthenucleiofgoldatomstogetheratnearlythespeedoflight,RHICheatsthematterincollisiontomorethanabilliontimesthetemperatureofthesun.Insodoing,scientistsareabletostudythefundamentalpropertiesofthebasi
7、cbuildingblocksofmatterandlearnhowtheybehaved15to20billionyearsago,whentheuniversewasbarelyasplit-secondold.Scientistshaveatheory,calledquantum-chromodynamics,aboutwhatwillberevealedatRHIC.However,wit
