英国报废汽车回收与法律(英语)

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1、EndofLifeVehiclesEndofLifeVehicleDirective(2000/53/EC)ELVDirectivewasduetobetransposedintoUKlawby21April2002.TherearetwosetsofELVRegulationsthatimplementtheELVDirectiverequirements:TheEndofLifeVehiclesRegulations2003,(amendedin2010)TheEnd-of-LifeVehicle

2、s(ProducerResponsibility)Regulations2005(amendedin2010).RequirethatMemberStatessetupsystemstoensureELVsaretreatedwithinauthorisedtreatmentfacilities;Setprogressivelyhigherre-use,recoveryandrecyclingtargetsandanultimaterecoverytargetbyweightby2015;Settre

3、atmentstandardswhichauthorisedtreatmentfacilitiesmustmeet;Encouragemanufacturerstodesigntheirvehicleswithrecyclabilityinmind,assetoutinArticle4oftheELVDirective;Codingstandardsforcomponentsandmaterialsshouldfacilitatetheidentificationofcomponentsandmate

4、rialsthataresuitableforreuseorrecycling.Restricttheuseofheavymetalsinthemanufactureofnewvehicles.(mercury,chromium,cadmium)Amethodologyfordatacollectionandreportingisrequiredtodemonstratecompliance,ELVTargetsReuse,recycle,recovery“reuse”meansanyoperatio

5、nbywhichcomponentsofend-of-lifevehiclesareusedforthesamepurposeforwhichtheywereconceived;“recycling”meansthereprocessinginaproductionprocessofwastematerialsfromend-of-lifevehiclesfortheoriginalpurposeorforotherpurposes;and“recovery”meanseitherre-use,rec

6、ycling,orincinerationwithenergyrecovery.QuestionListtherangeofthematerialsyouwouldfindinanendoflifevehicleandlisttheminorderofweighthighest–lowest.BreakdownofMaterials(weight%)Figure1:Ananalysisofvehiclemanufacturerdataforaroundseventypopular1998carmode

7、lsshowsthefollowingbreakdownofmaterials(byweight).Source:MotorVehicleDismantlingAssociation.QuestionThinkaboutthematerialcompositionovertime–whatchangesincompositionmightweexpectandwhy?WeightsTheamountofwastethathastobetreateddependsontheactualweightofa

8、nELV,whichisestimatedtobeonaverage1,025kgin2015,comparedtoanaverageweightin2006of964kg.WeightsofELV’SIndividual;componentshavedecreasedovertime.Theaverageweightofacarhasincreaseddueto:Increasesinthephysicalsize(andmass)oftheavera