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1、颈部一、概述二、浅层结构三、颈部深筋膜四、颈前区五、胸锁乳突肌区六、颈侧区七、颈根部January,2007Copyright©Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.AllrightreservedbyYPHOUandYFSONG上界：为下颌骨下缘、下颌角、乳突、上项线与枕外隆突的连线。下界：由胸骨上缘、锁骨和肩峰至第7颈椎棘突的连线。颈部的境界与分区一、概述颈部:分为固有颈部和项部。固有颈部:又可分为颈前区、胸锁乳突肌区和颈外侧区。颈前区：被舌骨分为舌骨上区（包括2个下颌下三角和1个颏下三角）和舌
2、骨下区（包括成对的颈动脉三角和肌三角）。颈外侧区：被肩胛舌骨肌下腹分为枕三角和锁骨上三角。January,2007Copyright©Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.AllrightreservedbyYPHOUandYFSONG二、浅层结构1.皮肤2.浅筋膜及其内容颈阔肌浅静脉皮神经January,2007Copyright©Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.AllrightreservedbyYPHOUandYFSONG1.
3、颈阔肌起点：三角肌和胸大肌表面的筋膜。止点：口角颈阔肌深面有浅静脉和皮神经。January,2007Copyright©Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.AllrightreservedbyYPHOUandYFSONG2.浅静脉①颈前静脉注入颈外静脉②颈外静脉注入锁骨下静脉或静脉角January,2007Copyright©Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.AllrightreservedbyYPHOUandYFSONG3.皮神经
4、(1)为颈丛的皮支:①颈横神经②耳大神经③枕小神经④锁骨上神经颈部麻醉点：(2)面神经颈支January,2007Copyright©Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.AllrightreservedbyYPHOUandYFSONG三、颈部深筋膜颈深筋膜分为三层浅层：封套筋膜中层：气管前筋膜或内脏筋膜深层：椎前筋膜January,2007Copyright©Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.AllrightreservedbyYP
5、HOUandYFSONGJanuary,2007Copyright©Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.AllrightreservedbyYPHOUandYFSONG包裹二肌二腺，形成肌鞘和腺鞘。二肌：斜方肌胸锁乳突肌二腺：下颌下腺腮腺1.深筋膜浅层（封套筋膜）圆桶形环绕颈部前左右延续后附于项韧带和C7棘突上附于下颌体下缘、颧 弓、乳突基底、上项线及枕外隆凸下附于胸骨柄上缘、锁 骨、肩峰January,2007Copyright©Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,L
6、anzhouUniversity.AllrightreservedbyYPHOUandYFSONG在胸骨颈静脉切迹上方3~5cm处分两层附于颈静脉切迹前、后缘，成胸骨上间隙，内含颈静脉弓。向上分两层包绕下颌下腺，形成下颌下间隙的顶，内含下颌下淋巴结、面动脉、面静脉，延续为腮腺咬肌筋膜。深筋膜浅层（封套筋膜）续January,2007Copyright©Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.AllrightreservedbyYPHOUandYFSONG位于舌骨下肌群的后方，上附于舌骨，下续纤维性心包
7、，分二层包绕甲状腺，形成甲状腺鞘。2.深筋膜中层（气管前筋膜）在甲状腺与气管、食管上端邻接处，腺鞘后层增厚形成甲状腺悬韧带January,2007Copyright©Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.AllrightreservedbyYPHOUandYFSONG上自颅底，下续前纵韧带与胸内筋膜，并向下外包绕腋血管及臂丛，形成腋鞘。3.深层（椎前筋膜）January,2007Copyright©Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.A
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