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1、PathologyofbloodandlymphaticvesselsThemaincellularcomponentsofthewallsofvesselsare:1)endothelialcells2)smoothmusclecells3)pericytes(thecellsnormallyarrangedalongcapillariesandvenules)PathologyofbloodandlymphaticvesselsPathologyofbloodandlymphaticvesse
2、lsEndothelialcells:a)serveasasemipermeablemembrane,b)regulatethrombosis,thrombolysisandplateletadherence,c)influatevasculartoneandbloodflow,d)metabolizehormones,e)regulateimmuneandinflammatoryreactions,f)modifylipoptoteinsinthearterywall,g)regulatethe
3、growthofothercelltypes,includingsmoothmusclecells.PathologyofbloodandlymphaticvesselsEndothelialinjuryiscriticaltotheformationofthrombi,totheinitiationofatherosclerosisandthevasculareffectsofhypertensionandotherdisorders!!Pathologyofbloodandlymphaticv
4、esselsEndothelialdysfunctionEndothelialactivationPathologyofbloodandlymphaticvesselsThetermendothelialdysfunctionisoftenusedtodescribeseveraltypesofpotentiallyreversiblechangesinthefunctionalstateofendothelialcellsthatoccurinresponsetoenvironmentalsti
5、muli.PathologyofbloodandlymphaticvesselsThetermendothelialactivationreflectsalterationsingeneexpressionandproteinsynthesis.Inducersofendothelialactivationincludecytokinesandbacterialproducts(whichcauseinflammatoryinjuryandsepticshock),hemodynamicstres
6、sandlipidproducts(involvedinpathogenesisofatherosclerosis),advancedglycosylationofendproducts(involvedinpathogenesisofdiabetes),aswellasviruses,complementcomponentsandhypoxia.Activatedendothelialcellsalsoelaborateadhesionmolecules,othercytokinesandche
7、mokines,growthfactors,moleculesofthemajorhistocompatibilitycomplex(MHC),procoagulantoranticoagulantfactorsandvasoactivemoleculesthatareinvolvedeitherinvasoconstrictionorinvasodilatation.Pathologyofbloodandlymphaticvessels2)Smoothmusclecellsarecapable:
8、a)tomediatevasoconstriction,b)tomediatevasodilatation,c)tosynthesizethecollagen,elastin,andproteoglycans,d)toelaboratethegrowthfactorsandcytokines,e)toproliferate,andf)tomigratetotheintima.3)Pericyteshaveroleassupportiveandconnectiveelements.P
