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1、SewagetreatmentAbstract：Sewagetreatment,ordomesticwastewatertreatment,istheprocessofremovingcontaminantsfromwastewaterandhouseholdsewage,bothrunoff(effluents)anddomestic.Itincludesphysical,chemical,andbiologicalprocessestoremovephysical,chemicalandbiologicalcontaminants
2、.Itsobjectiveistoproduceawastestream(ortreatedeffluent)andasolidwasteorsludgesuitablefordischargeorreusebackintotheenvironment.Thismaterialisofteninadvertentlycontaminatedwithmanytoxicorganicandinorganiccompounds.Keywords:Sewagetreatment,fixed-filmandsuspended-growth,Ac
3、tivatedsludgeOriginsofsewageSewageiscreatedbyresidences,institutions,andcommercialandindustrialestablishments.Rawinfluent(sewage)includeshouseholdwasteliquidfromtoilets,baths,showers,kitchens,sinks,andsoforththatisdisposedofviasewers.Inmanyareas,sewagealsoincludesliquid
4、wastefromindustryandcommerce.Theseparationanddrainingofhouseholdwasteintogreywaterandblackwaterisbecomingmorecommoninthedevelopedworld,withgreywaterbeingpermittedtobeusedforwateringplantsorrecycledforflushingtoilets.Alotofsewagealsoincludessomesurfacewaterfromroofsorhar
5、d-standingareas.Municipalwastewaterthereforeincludesresidential,commercial,andindustrialliquidwastedischarges,andmayincludestormwaterrunoff.Sewagesystemscapableofhandlingstormwaterareknownascombinedsystemsorcombinedsewers.Suchsystemsareusuallyavoidedsincetheycomplicatea
6、ndtherebyreducetheefficiencyofsewagetreatmentplantsowingtotheirseasonality.Thevariabilityinflowalsoleadstooftenlargerthannecessary,andsubsequentlymoreexpensive,treatmentfacilities.Inaddition,heavystormsthatcontributemoreflowsthanthetreatmentplantcanhandlemayoverwhelmthe
7、sewagetreatmentsystem,causingaspilloroverflow.Itispreferabletohaveaseparatestormdrainsystemforstormwaterinareasthataredevelopedwithsewersystems.Asrainfallrunsoverthesurfaceofroofsandtheground,itmaypickupvariouscontaminantsincludingsoilparticlesandothersediment,heavymeta
8、ls,organiccompounds,animalwaste,andoilandgrease.Somejurisdictionsrequirestormwater13toreceivesomeleveloftreatm
