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1、宾语补足语讲解一、定义:宾语补足语通常紧跟在宾语之后,对宾语进行补充说明。二、句子结构是:主+谓+宾+宾补三宾语补足语的词语形式有:副词,形容,名词,介词短语,不定式(带to/不带to),分词(现在分词/过去分词)四、具体说明:(1)副词作宾语补足语如:Ifoundhiminyesterday.(2)形容词作宾语补足语如:Wemustkeepourclassroomclean.(3)名词作宾语补足语如:Wecallthemmooncakes.(4)介词短语作宾语补足语如:Ileftmypenonmydeskathome.(5)不定式作宾语补足语如:Sheof
2、tenasksmetohelpher.Ioftenseehimplayfootball.用不定式作宾语补足语的几种说明:①help后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式可以带to也可以不带to。如:Ioftenhelpmymother(to)dosomehousework.②在使役动词和感官动词后作宾语补足语,不定式不带to。这些动词有: 一感:feel;二听:hear,listento;三让:let,have,make四观看:observe,see,watch,lookat如:Isawtheboyclimbthewall(过程)如:Thebossmakesthebo
3、yworkdayandnight.这类动词转为被动语态时,其后不定式符号to要重新加上去(注意have没有被动语态)。Thoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesistercry,todayhewasmadetocrybyhislittlesister. 虽然经常是他弄哭小妹妹,但今天他却被小妹妹弄哭了③表示心理状态的动词(consider,think,believe,discover,find,imagine,judge,suppose,prove等)后接不定式tobe+形容词或名词"结构作宾语补足语。think,consider,fin
4、d后的tobe常可省略。 如:Weconsiderhim(tobe)agoodteacher. 如:Heprovedthetheory(tobe)veryimportant. (6)现在分词作宾语补足语,说明宾语是动作的发出者,形成逻辑上的主谓关系。如:Isawtheboyclimbingthewall.(片段)(7)过去分词作宾语补足语,表示宾语是动作的承受者,构成逻辑上的动宾关系。如:Isawanoldmanknockeddownbyacarjustnow.(8)“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。例如:1、
5、with+宾+形Helefttheroomwiththedooropen.方式2、with+宾+副Withtheradioon,grandmasleptdeeplyinthechair.伴随3、with+宾+过去分词Themanwsbroughtinwithhishandstiedbehindhisback.方式4、with+宾+不定式Withthisbooktohelpyou,youcanfinishyourworkqickly.条件5、with+宾+介词短语Themanleftthemeetingwithabookinhishand.伴随6、with+宾
6、+现在分词Shefellasleepwiththelightburning.伴随宾语补足语练习题51.Themanagerdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketoseethenextyear.(NMET2000)A.carryoutB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryout2.----There’saholeinyourbag.----Iknow,I’mgoingtohaveit_____.A.mendB.mendingC.mendedD.tobemended3.Thoughhehadofte
7、nmadehislittlesister____,todayhewasmade____byhislittlesister.A.cry;tocryB.crying;cryingC.cry;cryD.tocry;cry4.Theywouldnotallowhim_____acrosstheenemyline.A.toriskgoingB.riskingtogoC.forrisktogoD.riskgoing5.Ifoundthedoor_____whenIgothome.A.openedB.closeC.unlockingD.open6.Theboywanted
8、toridehisbicycleinthestree