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1、AmodeltorelateP-Waveattenuationtofluidflowinfracturedtightgassands,siliceousshales,andcarbonatereservoirsSouthwestResearchInstituteJorgeParraandChrisHackert,SouthwestResearchInstitutePei-ChengXu,DatatrendsResearchIntroductionAmodelingschemeisappliedfortheanalysesofflowunitresponsestoeval
2、uateacoustic/seismicmeasurementtechniques.Theresponsesareproducedtodeterminethefrequencybandinwhichflowunitscanbeobservedanddistinguishedfromscatteringeffects.Themodelestimatesattenuationinalargebroadbandfrequencyrangetoincludesonic,crosswell,VSP,and3Dseismicscales.Sinceflowunitsinareser
3、voirarecharacterizedbypermeability,porosity,andfluidsaturationandthefluidsarecharacterizedbyviscosity,density,andvelocity,weusethetheoryofporoelasticity.Thistheoryprovidesthephysicsinvolvedintheinteractionsbetweenthefluidandtherockmatrixasanacousticwavepropagatesinthemedium.Torepresentth
4、eenergylossesduetothepresenceoffluidsintheformation,weusetheunifiedBiotandsquirt-flowmechanism.Thiswork,implementedinalayeredporoelasticmediumwithazimuthalanisotropy,isusedtopredictwhetherflowunitsinterceptedbyaboreholecanbedetectedatseismicscales(crosswell,VSPand3Dseismic).Todemonstrate
5、thevariabilityoftheattenuationprofileindifferentrockformations,wepresentattenuationprofilesfromfluidsaturatedrocksinfourfields.ThesefieldsincludetheSiberiaRidge,afracturedtightgassandsinWyoming;theBuenaVistaHills,alowpermeabilitydiatomiteshalereservoirinCalifornia;theRopesfield,acarbonat
6、ereservoirinTexas;andahighpermeabilitycarbonateaquiferinFlorida.Figure1.Theeffectoffrequencyandazimuthsonporoelasticattenuationforaglobalsquirtflowlength=5cm(representingfluidflowincracks)andalocalsquirtflowlength=0.2mm(representingfluidflowinthematrix).Thismodelisforwavepropagationinafr
7、acturedtightsandunit.Figure2.Theeffectoffrequencyandazimuthsonporoelasticattenuationforaglobalsquirtflowlength=7cm(representingfluidflowincracks)andalocalsquirtflowlength=0.2mm(representingfluidflowinthematrix).Thismodelisforwavepropagationinafracturedtightsandunit.Inthis
