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1、DiabetesMellitusDr.RashaSalamaPhDPublicHealth,SuezCanalUniversity,EgyptDiabetesMSc,CardiffUniversity,UnitedKingdomDiabetesmellitus(DM)isagroupofdiseasescharacterizedbyhighlevelsofbloodglucoseresultingfromdefectsininsulinproduction,insulinaction,orboth.Thetermdiabetesmellitusdescribesam
2、etabolicdisorderofmultipleaetiologycharacterizedbychronichyperglycaemiawithdisturbancesofcarbohydrate,fatandproteinmetabolismresultingfromdefectsininsulinsecretion,insulinaction,orboth.Theeffectsofdiabetesmellitusincludelong–termdamage,dysfunctionandfailureofvariousorgans.Whatisdiabete
3、s?Diabetesmellitusmaypresentwithcharacteristicsymptomssuchasthirst,polyuria,blurringofvision,andweightloss.Initsmostsevereforms,ketoacidosisoranon–ketotichyperosmolarstatemaydevelopandleadtostupor,comaand,inabsenceofeffectivetreatment,death.Oftensymptomsarenotsevere,ormaybeabsent,andco
4、nsequentlyhyperglycaemiasufficienttocausepathologicalandfunctionalchangesmaybepresentforalongtimebeforethediagnosisismade.DiabetesThelong–termeffectsofdiabetesmellitusincludeprogressivedevelopmentofthespecificcomplicationsofretinopathywithpotentialblindness,nephropathythatmayleadtorena
5、lfailure,and/orneuropathywithriskoffootulcers,amputation,Charcotjoints,andfeaturesofautonomicdysfunction,includingsexualdysfunction.Peoplewithdiabetesareatincreasedriskofcardiovascular,peripheralvascularandcerebrovasculardisease.DiabetesLong-termEffectsThedevelopmentofdiabetesisproject
6、edtoreachpandemicproportionsoverthenext10-20years.InternationalDiabetesFederation(IDF)dataindicatethatbytheyear2025,thenumberofpeopleaffectedwillreach333million–90%ofthesepeoplewillhaveType2diabetes.InmostWesternsocieties,theoverallprevalencehasreached4-6%,andisashighas10-12%among60-70
7、-year-oldpeople.Theannualhealthcostscausedbydiabetesanditscomplicationsaccountforaround6-12%ofallhealth-careexpenditure.BurdenofDiabetesType1DiabetesMellitusType2DiabetesMellitusGestationalDiabetesOthertypes:LADA(MODY(maturity-onsetdiabetesofyouth)SecondaryDiabetesMellitusTypesofDiab
