解破学21总论课件

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1、HUMANANATOMYLecturer:Dr.JianhuaZhangHunanUniversityofArtsandSciences1Myofibril(肌原纤维)+核+横小管+肌质网+膜Myofilaments(肌丝)Amusclefiber肌纤维Myosin(肌球蛋白)Actin(肌动蛋白)Troponin(肌钙蛋白)Tropomyosin(原肌球蛋白)Thinfilaments(细肌丝)Thickfilaments(粗肌丝)Question:Whatarethestructureofthemuscularfibers?21.TheGeneralDescri

2、ption.2.TheReferenceLinesandRegionsoftheAbdomen.PartIISplanchnologyContent3§⒈Thegeneraldescription⒈ThedefinitionSplanchnologyisthesciencethatdealswiththestudyofmorphologyandstructuresofthevisceral(内脏的)organs.SynonymSplanchnology：内脏学Viscera：内脏4VisceraincludesthefollowinggroupsViscera4Sy

3、stemsOtherstructuresAlimentarysystemRespiratorysystemUrinarysystemGenitalsystemEndocrinesystemPleura胸膜Peritoneum腹膜Perineum会阴5⒉Perineum会阴广义会阴：是指盆膈以下封闭骨盆下口的全部软组织。包括尿生殖区和肛区。耻骨联合下缘尾骨尖坐骨结节尿生殖区肛区ThemaleperineumThefemaleperineum6狭义会阴:在男性系指阴囊根与肛门之间的部分。阴囊肛门会阴7狭义会阴:在女性系指阴道前庭后端与肛门之间的部分，又称产科会阴，分娩时

4、注意保护。胎头大阴唇胎头扩张时的会阴8⒊Themainfunctionsoftheviscera(内脏)Performingthemetabolism.Reproducingoffspring.Secretingsomehormonestoregualatesomeactivities.9⒋Thegeneralstructureoftheviscera(内脏)Accordingtotheirmorphologicalcharacteristics,thevisceralorganscanbedividedintotwoprincipaltypes:Thetubula

5、rorganTheparenchymatousorganVisceralorgans10Tubularorgan中空性器官Parenchymatousorgan实质性器官Tubularwall管状壁Tubularcavity管状腔Mucouslayer粘膜层Submucosa粘膜下层Muscularlayer肌层Serosalayer外膜实质：小叶状的结构与功能部分间质：分隔实质成小叶状VisceraTypes11TubularOrgan中空性器官12Thetubularviscus(中空性器官)13ParenchymatousOrgan实质性器官14Inorder

6、toobserveanddescribetherelativelocationsandthearrangementsoftheinternalorgans,itisnecessarytomarkreferencelinesonthesurfaceofthethoraxandtosubdividetheabdomenintoregions.§⒉Thereferencelinesandregionsoftheabdomen15ReferencelinesinthethoraxReferencelinesintheabdomenReferencelinesinthebac

7、k⒈ThecommonusedreferencelinesTherearemorethan10referencelinesinthethoraxandabdominalregions.Referencelines16MedianlinesAxillarylinesSternallinesHorizontallineMidclavicularline锁骨中线Scapularline肩胛线Paravertebralline脊柱旁线Anteriormedianline前正中线Posteriormedianline后正中线Anterioraxillaryline腋前线M