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1、经济类英语冲刺阅读材料 今天有两个任务。一是有一篇关于学术造假方面的文章，是应有些同学的要求提供的。注意文中的粗体部分，是一些可以借鉴的词汇与句子。二是选了《经济学家》的文章，文章本身并不难，如果不明白，可以看文章后面的摘要。 今天的结束语是：唯一不变的是变化本身。 学术行为不端academicmisconduct 伪造数据falsifyandfabricatedata EmfResearcherMadeUpData,OriSays Inablowtoaresearchareahungryforcrediblefindings,thefederalOfficeo
2、fResearchIntegrity(ORI)reportedlastmonththatabiochemist"engagedinscientificmisconduct...byintentionallyfalsifyingandfabricatingdataandclaims"intwostudiesonhowelectromagneticfields(EMFs)--thekindshedbypowerlinesandhomeappliances--affectlivingcells.Theresearcher,RobertP.Liburdy,formerlyofthe
3、LawrenceBerkeleyNationalLaboratory(LBNL)inCalifornia,hasagreedtoaskthejournalstoretracttheresults."There'salotofacrimonyinthe debate,andthiswon'tcalmthingsdown,"saysRichardG.Stevens,acancerepidemiologistatthePacificNorthwestNationalLaboratoryinHanford,Washington. Liburdy'sfindingswereamon
4、gthefirsttoofferaplausiblemechanismforapossiblelinkbetweenEMFexposureandcancerorotherdiseases.Inapairof1992papersofwhichheisthesoleauthor,LiburdyofferedevidencethatEMFsincreasetheflowofcalciumintolymphocytes,akindofimmunecellproducedinthethymus.Thepaperscreatedastir,ascalciumionssignalcell
5、stoturngenesonandoff,andplayaroleincelldivision.Becausetumorgrowthistiedtocellproliferation,analterationincalciumsignalingcouldconceivablyleadtocancer.ButinananalysisobtainedbyScience,ORIstatesthat"Liburdy'sclaimsthatEMFcausescellulareffectsrelatedtocalciumsignaling arenotsupportedbythepri
6、marydata." Respondingtoanunknownwhistle-blower'sallegationsofscientificmisconductbyLiburdy,LBNLinJanuary1995appointedapaneloffourlabscientiststoinvestigate.AfterreviewingrawdataandinterviewingLiburdyandotherscientists,thepanelconcludedinaJuly1995reportthatLiburdy"deliberatelycreated'artif
7、icial'datawherenosuchdataexisted"inafigureinFEBSLetters.Inaddition,itfound,hefabricateddatanoiseforafigureintheAnnalsoftheNewYorkAcademyofSciences"inordertomisleadthereader."Theseactions,thepanelstated,"fallwithinthedefinitionofscientificmisconduct."Whencontac
