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1、经济类英语冲刺阅读材料 今天有两个任务。一是有一篇关于学术造假方面的文章，是应有些同学的要求提供的。注意文中的粗体部分，是一些可以借鉴的词汇与句子。二是选了《经济学家》的文章，文章本身并不难，如果不明白，可以看文章后面的摘要。 今天的结束语是：唯一不变的是变化本身。 学术行为不端academicmisconduct 伪造数据falsifyandfabricatedata EmfResearcherMadeUpData,OriSays Inablowtoaresearchareahungryfo
2、rcrediblefindings,thefederalOfficeofResearchIntegrity(ORI)reportedlastmonththatabiochemist"engagedinscientificmisconduct...byintentionallyfalsifyingandfabricatingdataandclaims"intwostudiesonhowelectromagneticfields(EMFs)--thekindshedbypowerlinesandhomeapp
3、liances--affectlivingcells.Theresearcher,RobertP.Liburdy,formerlyoftheLawrenceBerkeleyNationalLaboratory(LBNL)inCalifornia,hasagreedtoaskthejournalstoretracttheresults."There'salotofacrimonyinthe debate,andthiswon'tcalmthingsdown,"saysRichardG.Stevens,aca
4、ncerepidemiologistatthePacificNorthwestNationalLaboratoryinHanford,Washington. Liburdy'sfindingswereamongthefirsttoofferaplausiblemechanismforapossiblelinkbetweenEMFexposureandcancerorotherdiseases.Inapairof1992papersofwhichheisthesoleauthor,Liburdyoffer
5、edevidencethatEMFsincreasetheflowofcalciumintolymphocytes,akindofimmunecellproducedinthethymus.Thepaperscreatedastir,ascalciumionssignalcellstoturngenesonandoff,andplayaroleincelldivision.Becausetumorgrowthistiedtocellproliferation,analterationincalciumsi
6、gnalingcouldconceivablyleadtocancer.ButinananalysisobtainedbyScience,ORIstatesthat"Liburdy'sclaimsthatEMFcausescellulareffectsrelatedtocalciumsignaling arenotsupportedbytheprimarydata." Respondingtoanunknownwhistle-blower'sallegationsofscientificmiscondu
7、ctbyLiburdy,LBNLinJanuary1995appointedapaneloffourlabscientiststoinvestigate.AfterreviewingrawdataandinterviewingLiburdyandotherscientists,thepanelconcludedinaJuly1995reportthatLiburdy"deliberatelycreated'artificial'datawherenosuchdataexisted"inafigureinF
8、EBSLetters.Inaddition,itfound,hefabricateddatanoiseforafigureintheAnnalsoftheNewYorkAcademyofSciences"inordertomisleadthereader."Theseactions,thepanelstated,"fallwithinthedefinitionofscientificmisconduct."Whencontac
