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1、1．HeavySmokinginMidlifeMayBeAssociatedWithDementiainLaterYearsScienceDaily(Oct.26,2010)—HeavysmokinginmiddleageappearstobeassociatedwithmorethandoubletheriskforAlzheimer'sdiseaseandotherformsofdementiatwodecadeslater,accordingtoareportpostedonlinethatwillbepublishe
2、dintheFebruary28printissueofArchivesofInternalMedicine,oneoftheJAMA/Archivesjournals.Currentestimatessuggestsmokingisresponsibleforseveralmilliondeathsperyearfromcausessuchasheartdiseaseandcancer,accordingtobackgroundinformationinthearticle.Althoughsmokingincreases
3、risksofmostdiseasesandofdeath,somestudieshaveshownareducedriskofParkinson'sdiseaseandotherneurodegenerativeconditionsamongsmokers."ThelinkbetweensmokingandriskofAlzheimer'sdisease,themostcommonsubtypeofdementia,hasbeensomewhatcontroversial,withsomestudiessuggesting
4、thatsmokingreducestheriskofcognitiveimpairment,"theauthorswrite.MinnaRusanen,M.D.,ofUniversityofEasternFinlandandKuopioUniversityHospital,Kuopio,Finland,andcolleaguesanalyzeddatafrom21,123membersofonehealthcaresystemwhoparticipatedinasurveybetween1978and1985,whenth
5、eywere50to60yearsold.Diagnosesofdementia,Alzheimer'sdiseaseandvasculardementiaweretrackedfromJan.1,1994(whenparticipantswereanaverageof71.6yearsold),throughJuly31,2008.Atotalof5,367participants(25.4percent)werediagnosedwithdementiaduringanaverageof23yearsoffollow-u
6、p,including1,136withAlzheimer'sdiseaseand416withvasculardementia.Thosewhosmokedmorethantwopacksperdayinmiddleagehadanelevatedriskofdementiaoverallandalsoofeachsubtype,Alzheimer'sdiseaseandvasculardementia,comparedwithnon-smokers.Formersmokers,orthosewhosmokedlessth
7、anhalfapackperday,didnotappeartobeatincreasedrisk.Associationsbetweensmokinganddementiadidnotvarybyraceorsex.Smokingisawell-establishedriskfactorforstroke,andmaycontributetotheriskofvasculardementiathroughsimilarmechanisms,theauthorsnote.Inaddition,smokingcontribut
8、estooxidativestressandinflammation,believedtobeimportantinthedevelopmentofAlzheimer'sdisease."Itispossiblethatsmokingaffectsthedevelopmentofdemen
