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ID:18746799
大小:846.50 KB
页数:24页
时间:2018-09-22
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1、生长发育GrowthandDevelopment第二章中南大学儿科学教研室Tounderstandtheregularruleofgrowth,development&theaffectingfactorsTomasterthecriteriaofthegrowth&thedevelopmentPURPOSERegularRuleofGrowth&Developmentacontinuousprocessunbalancedgrowthofeachsystemrulesingeneraldifferenceamongindividualsu
2、ppertolowerproximaltodistalroughtofineinferiortosuperiorsimpletocomplicationAffectingFactorsofPhysicalGrowth遗传因素geneticfactors环境因素environmentalfactors●营养nutrition●疾病disease●孕母情况pregnancy●生活环境livingenvironment体重BodyWeight(BW)Criterionofgrowth&nutritionconditiondifferinspeed
3、ofBWincreasetheyounger,thefasterfirstpeak:newborn-1yearsecondpeak:adolescenceatbirthboy(3.3±0.4)kggirl(3.2±0.4)kg-1monincreased1-1.5kg-3monsincreasedto6kg-1yearincreasedto9kgBW(kg)=(ageofmons+9)/2-2yearsincreasedto12kg2-6yearsBW(kg)=ageofyrs×2+87-12yearsBW(kg)=(ageofyrs×7-
4、5)/2身高(长)BodyHeight(BH)CriterionofbonegrowthThesameregularrulesasBWatbirthBH50cm1yearBH75cm2yearsBH85cm2-12yearsBH(cm)=ageofyrs×6+77上部量upperpart从头顶至耻骨联合上缘下部量lowerpart从耻骨联合上缘至足底<3yrs(crown-rumplength)Criterionofskull&spinegrowthSH/BHatbirth0.6714years0.53下肢增长速度随年龄增长而加快坐高Sit
5、tingHeight(SH)指距fingerdistanceCriterionoflongbonegrowthofupperlimbNormalvalue:fingerdistanceisscarcelylessthanBH头围HeadCircumference(HC)Criterionofskull&braingrowthatbirth33-34cm1year46cm2years48cm5years50cm15years54-58cm胸围ChestCircumference(CC)Criterionofthorax&lungsgrowth
6、atbirthCC32cm1year=HC>1yearCC>HC上臂围UpperArmCircumferenceCriterionofmuscle,bone,fat,&skingrowthinupperarmCriterionofnutritioncondition<1yrgainrapidly1-5yrsgainslowly<5yrs>13.5cmbestnutrition12.5-13.5cmbetternutrition<12.5cmmalnutrition骨骼发育头颅骨发育GrowthofSkull颅骨缝cranialsuturec
7、losedin3-4monsafterbirth前囟anteriorfontanelleclosedin1-1.5yrs后囟posteriorfontanelleclosedin6-8weeksafterbirth脊柱的发育GrowthofSpinetoreflexgrowthofvertebrae3physiologicarcuations3monsraisinghead颈椎前凸6monssitting胸椎后凸1yearwalking腰椎前凸骨骼发育长骨的发育GrowthofLongLone1-9yrsossificcenter=age(
8、yrs)+1骨龄:骨化中心与标准图谱比较,相当于某一年龄标准图谱时,该年龄即为骨龄。骨骼发育牙齿的发育GrowthofTeeth6yrseruption20-30yrscompl
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