2013历年专八真题部分

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1、TESTFORENGLISHMAJORS(2013)GRADEEIGHTTIMELIMIT：195MINPARTIIREADINGCOMPREHENSION(30MIN)Inthissectiontherearefourreadingpassagesfollowedbyatotalof20multiple-choicequestions.ReadthepassagesandthenmarkthebestanswertoeachquestiononANSWERSHEETTWO．TEXTAThreehundr

2、edyearsagonewstravelledbywordofmouthor1etter,andcirculatedintavernsandcoffeehousesintheformofpamphletsandnewsletters．“Thecoffeehousesparticularlyare．veryroomyforafreeconversation，andforreadingataneasierrateallmannerofprintednews，”notedoneobserver．Everythi

3、ngchangedin1833whenthefirstmass-audiencenewspaper,TheNewYorkSun，pioneeredtheuseofadvertisingtoreducethecostofnews，thusgivingadvertisersaccesstoawideraudience．Thepennypress，followedbyradioandtelevision，turnednewsfromatwo-wayconversationintoaone—waybroadcas

4、t，witharelativelysmallnumberoffirmscontrollingthemedia．Now,thenewsindustryisreturningtosomethingclosertothecoffeehouse．Theinternetismakingnewsmoreparticipatory，socialanddiverse，revivingthediscursivecharacteristicsof"theerabeforethemassmedia．Thatwillhavepr

5、ofoundeffectsonsocietyandpolitics．Inmuchoftheworld．themassmediaareflourishing．Newspapercirculationrosegloballyby6%between2005and2009．Butthoseglobalfiguresmaskasharpdeclineinreadershipinrichcountries．Overthepastdecade，throughouttheWesternworld，peoplehavebe

6、engivingupnewspapersandTVnewsandkeepingupwitheventsinprofoundlydifferentways．Moststrikingly,ordinarypeopleareincreasinglyinvolvedincompiling，sharing，filtering，discussinganddistributingnews．Twitterletspeopleanywherereportwhattheyareseeing．Classifieddocumen

7、tsarepublishedintheirthousandsonline．Mobile·phonefootageofArabuprisingsandAmericantornadoesispostedonsocial-networkingsitesandshownontelevisionnewscasts．Social-networkingsiteshelppeoplefind，discussandsharenewswiththeirfriends．Anditisnotjustreaderswhoarech

8、allengingthemediaelite．TechnologyfirmsincludingGoogle，FacebookandTwitterhavebecomeimportantconduitsofnews．Celebritiesandworldleaderspublishupdatesdirectlyviasocialnetworks；manycountriesnowmakerawdataavailablethrough