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1、SectionⅠUseofEnglish Directions: Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points) WhilewesterngovernmentsworryoverthethreatofEbola,amorepervasivebutfarlessharm-ful1isspreadingthroughtheirpopulationslikeawintersniffle:mobilepersonaltechno
2、logy. Thesimilaritybetweendiseaseorganismsandpersonaldevicesis2.Virusesandotherpara-sitescontrollargerorganisms,3resourcesinordertomultiplyandspread.Smartphonesandothergadgetsdothesamething,4ever-increasingamountsofhumanattentionandelectricitysup-plied5wireumbilici. Itistemptingto6a“strategy”
3、tobothphagesandphablets,neitherofwhichissentient.7,theprocessisevolutionary,consistingofmanyrandomevolutions,8experimentedwithbymanyproductdesigners.Thismakesitallthemorepowerful. Tech9occursthroughactively-learntresponses,or“operantconditioning”asanimalbehaviouristscallit.Thescientificparalle
4、lherealsoinvolvesarodent,typicallyarat,whichoccupiesa10cagecalledaSkinnerBox.Theanimalis11withafoodpelletforsolvingpuzzlesandpunishedwithanelectricshockwhenitfails. “Arewegettingapositiveboostofhormoneswhenwe12lookatourphone,seekingre-wards?”asksDavidShuker,ananimalbehaviouristatStAndrewsunive
5、rsity,soundingalittlelikeamanwithholdingseriousscientificendorsement13anideathatajournalisthadintheshower.Re-searchisneeded,hesays.Techtycoonswouldmeanwhile14thatthepopularityofmobiledevicesisattributedtothebrillianceoftheirdesigns.Thisispreciselywhatpeoplewhosethoughtprocesseshavebeen15byaninv
6、asivepseudo-organismwouldbelieve. 16,mobiletechnologycausessymptomslessseverethanphysiologicaldiseases.Thereareevenbenefitsto17sufferersforshortenedattentionspansandthecaffeineoverloadtriggeredbyvisitstoStarbucksforthefreeWi-Fi.Mostimportantly,youcan18theFinancialTimesinplacesasremoteasAlaskao
7、rSidcup.Inthis19,amobiledeviceisclosertoasymbioticorganismthanaparasite.Thiswouldmakeit20toanintestinalbacteriumthathelpsapersontostayalive,ratherthanavirusthatmaykillyou.1.[A]phenomenon[B]epidemic[C]issue[D]event2.[A]striking[B]o
