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1、EngineeringOpticsandOpticalTechniques,LNNo.1Prof.K.D.Kihm,Spring2007EngineeringOpticsandOpticalTechniquesLN#1.ElectromagneticBasicsandMaxwell’sEquations(Sections3-1,3-2,Appendix1)PropagationofWaves(Chapter2,Sections3-3,3-4)Experimentalevidenceshowsthatlig
2、htpropagatesasaformofwavesconsistingtransverse,time-varyingelectricandmagneticfields.Thetwoamplitude-varyingtransversevectors,electricfieldstrengthEandmagneticfieldstrengthH,oscillateattherightanglestoeachotherinphaseandtothedirectionofpropagation.Theycan
3、beexpressedintheformoffourfundamentalequationsknownasMaxwell’sEquations.“Itistruethatnaturebeginsbyreasoningandendsbyexperience.Nevertheless,wemustbeginwithexperimentsandtrythroughittodiscoverthereason.”-LeonardodaVinci–Homework#1-1ReadofChapter1for“Brief
4、History”ofOpticalScience(Clerk)Maxwell’sEquations(1865)–Lightismostcertainlyelectromagneticnature(Classicalelectrodynamics)Forvacuum,air,waterorglass(nospacechargeoriondensity,~zeroelectricconductivity):Key:InterdependenceofEandBOrtheircombinedandreducedf
5、orms,WhereE:Electricfield[Force/Charge,N/C]B:Magneticinduction[Force/Charge/Velocity,Ns/Cm]16EngineeringOpticsandOpticalTechniques,LNNo.1Prof.K.D.Kihm,Spring2007FluidDynamicsvs.ElectromagneticsContinuityAnalogy:vs.V:flowvelocityj:electriccurrentfluxExtend
6、edAnalogyFluidDynamicsElectromagneticsFieldg-Field:Fg=mgE-Field:FE=qEM-Field:FM=qV´BContinuityFlowcurrentfluxV=volumeflow/area/time=Electriccurrentfluxj=electricchargeflow/area/time=Volumeflowrateq:Electricchargeflowratei::Ampere=C/sVolumecontinuity:,r:fl
7、uiddensityElectricchargecontinuity:,rE:chargedensitySteadystateIncompressibleflowZeroorconstantspacechargecondition16EngineeringOpticsandOpticalTechniques,LNNo.1Prof.K.D.Kihm,Spring2007ArcAnglevs.SolidAngleArcangle:definedasdsRTotalarclength:RdaSolidangle
8、:definedas(normallyoutwardvectordefinition)Totalsurfacearea:16EngineeringOpticsandOpticalTechniques,LNNo.1Prof.K.D.Kihm,Spring2007CoulombicorGaussLawF+q2F-q1rExperimentalfindingbyGauss,*Electricpermittivity:measureo
