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1、NAS125:MeteorologyAtmosphere’sPlanetaryCirculationElNiño,part1Globalweatherwentwildin1982-1983.CripplingdroughtsstruckAustralia,India,Indonesia,thePhilippines,Mexico,CentralAmerica,andsouthernAfrica.Hugedrought-relatedwildfiresragedacrossAustraliaandBorneo.Australia’sworstdroughtin200y
2、earscaused$2billionincropdamage.FloodsdevastatedpartsofwesternandsoutheasternUnitedStates,Cuba,andnorthwesternSouthAmerica.DestructivetropicalcycloneslashedFrenchPolynesiaandHawai’i.Rev.6April20062Atmosphere’sPlanetaryCirculationElNiño,part2Weathergonewild(continued):Abnormallywarmwate
3、rsovera13,000-kmstretchoftheequatorialPacificcausedmassivedieoffsoffish,seabirds,marinemammals,andcorals.Collapseofplanktonpopulationledtoacollapseoftheanchovypopulation,whichinturnledtoacollapseofotherfishpopulations,whichinturnledtoacollapseofseabirdandmarinemammalpopulations.Adultse
4、abirdsabandonedtheiryoungonKiribati.Inall,theweather-relatedevents,called“themostdisastrousinrecordedhistory,”cost2000humanlives,about$13billionindamage,andvastecologicalhavoc).Rev.6April20063Atmosphere’sPlanetaryCirculationElNiño,part3Thecauseofthedisasterwasanunusualwarmingofsurfacew
5、atersintheeasternequatorialPacificoffthecoastofEcuadorandPeru.Residentsoftheareahadknownabouttheweatherpatterncausedbythewarmingforsometime,andcalleditElNiño.Therestoftheworldknewaboutitafter1982-1983.Rev.6April20064Atmosphere’sPlanetaryCirculationGeneralcirculation,part1Accordingtoani
6、dealizedcirculationpattern(onanon-rotatingearthwithauniformsurface),unequalheatingwouldcreateatwo-cellcirculationpattern.Thecells,oneineachhemisphere,wouldhaverisingairattheequatoranddescendingairatthepoles.Windsatthesurfacewouldblowfromthepolestowardtheequator,andwindsaloftwouldblowfr
7、omtheequatortowardthepoles.TherotationoftheEarthanditsvariablesurfacescreateacomplexatmosphericcirculationpattern.Rev.6April20065Atmosphere’sPlanetaryCirculationGeneralcirculation,part2Onlythetropicalregionshavecompleteverticalcirculationcells,calledHadleycells.InaHadleycell,heatinga
