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1、EarlylifeSamuelClemens,age15SamuelLanghorneClemenswasborninFlorida,Missouri,onNovember30,1835,toaTennesseecountrymerchant,JohnMarshallClemens(August11,1798 –March24,1847),andJaneLamptonClemens(June18,1803 –October27,1890).[4]Twainwasthesixthofsevenchildren.Onlythreeofhissiblingss
2、urvivedchildhood:hisbrotherOrion(July17,1825 –December11,1897);Henry,whodiedinariverboatexplosion(July13,1838 –June21,1858);andPamela(September19,1827 –August31,1904).HissisterMargaret(May31,1830 –August17,1839)diedwhenTwainwasthree,andhisbrotherBenjamin(June8,1832 –May12,1842)di
3、edthreeyearslater.Anotherbrother,Pleasant(1828–1829),diedatsixmonths.[5]TwainwasborntwoweeksaftertheclosestapproachtoEarthofHalley'sComet.OnDecember4,1985,theUnitedStatesPostalServiceissuedastampedenvelopefor"MarkTwainandHalley'sComet."[6]WhenTwainwasfour,hisfamilymovedtoHannibal
4、,Missouri,[7]aporttownontheMississippiRiverthatinspiredthefictionaltownofSt.PetersburginTheAdventuresofTomSawyerandAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn.[8]MissouriwasaslavestateandyoungTwainbecamefamiliarwiththeinstitutionofslavery,athemehewouldlaterexploreinhiswriting.Twain’sfatherwasana
5、ttorneyandalocaljudge.[9]TheHannibalandSt.JosephRailroadwasorganizedinhisofficein1846.TherailroadconnectedthesecondandthirdlargestcitiesinthestateandwasthewesternmostUnitedStatesrailroaduntiltheTranscontinentalRailroad.ItdeliveredmailtoandfromthePonyExpress.[10]InMarch1847,whenTw
6、ainwas11,hisfatherdiedofpneumonia.[11]Thenextyear,hebecameaprinter'sapprentice.In1851,hebeganworkingasatypesetterandcontributorofarticlesandhumoroussketchesfortheHannibalJournal,anewspaperownedbyhisbrotherOrion.Whenhewas18,heleftHannibalandworkedasaprinterinNewYorkCity,Philadelph
7、ia,St.Louis,andCincinnati.Hejoinedtheunionandeducatedhimselfinpubliclibrariesintheevenings,findingwiderinformationthanataconventionalschool.[12]At22,TwainreturnedtoMissouri.OnavoyagetoNewOrleansdowntheMississippi,thesteamboatpilot,HoraceE.Bixby,inspiredTwaintobeasteamboatpilot.As
8、TwainobservedinLifeontheMississippi,thep
