[苏联 卢里亚] 记忆大师的心灵

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1、ALittleBookaboutaVastMemoryTHEMINDOFAMNEMONISTA.R.LuriaTRANSLATEDFROMTHERUSSIANbyLynnSolotaroffWithaForewordbyJeromeS.BrunerBASICBOOKS,INC.,PUBLISHERSNewYork/London.Thetimehascome,thewalrussaid,totalkofmanythings...LEWISCARROLLThroughtheLooking-Glass...Together

2、withlittleAlicewewillslippastthesmooth,coldsurfaceofthelookingglassandfindourselvesinawonderland,whereeverythingisatoncesofamiliarandrecognizable,yetsostrangeanduncommon.FOREWORDJeromeS.BrunerThisbookisanextraordinarytributetoAleksandrRomanovichLuria.Therichnes

3、sofclinicalinsight,theacuityoftheobservations,andthefullnessoftheover-allpictureofhismnemonistareallextraor-dinary.Luriatellsusthatheistreatingthe"case"asastudyofasyndrome,atypeofstudyinwhichheisespeciallyskilled,asweknowfromhisfineworkonvariouspatternsofbrainl

4、esions.Whatemergesisaperceptivestudynotonlyofmemoryorganizationbutalsoofthemannerinwhichmemoryisimbeddedinapatternoflife.Asacon-tributiontotheclinicalliteratureonmemorypa-thology,thisbookwillsurelyrankasaclassic.Thoughthetitleofthisbooksuggestsastudyofgreatfeat

5、sofmemory,itisinfactabookaboutthefailureofoneaspectofmemoryandthehypertro-viiFOREWORDviiiphyofanother.Forthemnemonist,S.,whosecaseisstudiedinsuchexquisitedetailinthesepages,isamanwhosememoryisamemoryofparticulars,particularsthatarerichinimagery,thematicelabo-at

6、ion,andaffect.Butitisamemorythatispecul-iarlylackinginoneimportantfeature:thecapacitytoconvertencounterswiththeparticularintoin-stancesofthegeneral,enablingonetoformgeneralconceptseventhoughtheparticularsarelost.Itisthislattertypeof"memorywithoutrecord"thatseem

7、ssopoorlydevelopedinthisman.Severalnotablethingsaboutthedisordersofthismnemonistareespeciallyfascinatingfromapsy-chologicalpointofview.Foronething,thesheerpersistenceofikonicmemoryissogreatthatonewonderswhetherthereissomefailureintheswiftmetabolismofshort-termm

8、emory.His"immediate"imageshaunthimforhours,typesofimagesthatinmuchrecentworkonshort-termmemoryarefoundtofadetoapointwhereinformationretrievalfromthemisnotpossibleafterasecon