sir isaac newton - helmut knaust：艾萨克爵士knaust牛顿-赫尔穆特

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1、SirIsaacNewtonLifeandAccomplishmentsGroup4OctavioAguileraJuanAldanaAlexSernaTableofContentsTheBeginningofHisLifeEarlyLifeReflectingTelescopeCalculusMotionandGravityFirstLawofMotionSecondLawofMotionThirdLawofMotionForceCometsPrincipiaandOpticksAGreatManReferencesThebeginningof

2、hislifeBornonJanuary4,1643InWoolsthorpe,Lincolnshire,EnglandWherehewasraisedbyhisGrandmotherWoolsthorpeManor:housewhereNewtongrewupEarlylifeNewtonreceivedabachelor’sdegreeatTrinityCollege,Cambridgein1665ThenexttwoyearsNewtonreturnedhomewherehecameupwithmostofhisdiscoveries.He

3、returnedtoTrinityCollegein1667,wherehebecameaprofessorofmathematicsin1669.ReflectingTelescopeIn1668NewtonmadethefirstreflectingtelescopeLightiscollectedandrefractedfromacurvedmirrorFarsuperiorfromrefractingtelescopesbecausetheimagedidnotbecomeblurryCalculusNewtoninventedCalcu

4、lusin1669,butdidn’tpublishhisworkuntil1704CalculusisdividedintotwopartsDifferentialandIntegralCalculusDifferentialCalculus:DealswiththechangeinrateofobjectsIntegralCalculus:DealswithmeasuringquantitiesanddividingintosmalleronesMotionandGravityNewtonwonderedwhyobjectsfelltoear

5、thwhilesittingunderanappletreehesawanapplefallinfrontofhimAlthoughmanybelievethisstoryisuntrueThatiswhenNewtoncameupwiththethreelawsofmotionFirstLawofMotionAbodycontinuesinastateofrestinastraightlineifitisnotacteduponbyforces.SecondLawofMotionWhenaforceactsonabodyitproducesan

6、acceleration,whichisproportionaltothemagnitudeoftheforceThirdLawofMotionIfbodyAexertsaforceonbodyB,bodyBalwaysexertsanequalandoppositeforceonbodyAForceNewtonbelievedthatwhenanobjectgoesaroundanothertherearetwobalancedforces.Centripetalforce:pullstherevolvingobjecttowardsthepi

7、votingpointCentrifugalforce:pullstheobjectawayfrompivotingpointCometsNewtonshowedthatcometsacteduponbythesameforcesastheplanetsProvedwhenEdmundHalleypredictedthenexttimeacometwouldpassbyagainPrincipiaandOpticksmostpopularworksNewtonsummarizedhisdiscoveriesinPhilosophiaenatura

8、lisprincipiamathematica(mathematicalprinciplesofnaturalphilosophy)(1