医学院神经解剖学教案基底节及相关疾病

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1、基底节及相关疾病：◇基底节的解剖、生理◇运动障碍疾病基底节basalganglia的解剖:ComponentsofbasalgangliaandregionalanatomyComponentsofbasalganglia基底节的生理functionalanatomy:inputandoutputcomponents,parallelcircuits,andbasalganglianeurotransmittersOnthebasisoftheirconnections,thevariouscom

2、ponentsofthebasalgangliacanbedividedintothreecategories:inputnuclei,outputnuclei,andintrinsicnucleiParallelcircuitscoursethroughthebasalgangliaTheskeletomotor(1)andoculomotor(2)loopsplayimportantrolesinthecontrolofskeletalmusculatureandextrocularmuscl

3、es,respectively.Thefunctionsoftheassociationloop(3)appearstoplayaroleincognitionandthelimbicloop(4),inthemotivationalregulationofbehaviorandinemotion.First,eachoftheloopsoriginatesfrommultiplecorticalregionsthathavesimilargeneralfunctions.Second,eacho

4、fthelooppassesthroughdifferentbasalgangliaandthalamicnuclei,orseparateportionsofthesamenucleus.Third,the“cortical”targetsofallloopsareseparateportionsofthefrontallobe.Thus,thebasalgangliainfluencethecomponentsofthecorticospinalsystemthatoriginatefromt

5、hevariousfrontalmotorfields.运动障碍疾病KnowledgeoftheconnectionsandneurotransmittersofthebasalgangliaprovidesinsightintotheirfunctionsinhealthanddiseaseKnowledgeoftheintrinsiccircuitryofthebasalgangliahelpstoexplainhypokineticandhyperkineticsigns.Thedirect

6、andindirectstriataloutputpathwaysarethoughttohaveantagonisticeffectsonthethalamus,withthedirectpathexcitingthalamictargetneuronsandtheindirectpath,inhibiting.Dopamineisthoughttoexcitestriatalneuronsofthedirectpathandinhibitstriatalneuronsoftheindirect

7、path)Parkinson’sdiseaseisahypokineticmovementdisorder.Whereashemiballismisahyperkineticdisorder.