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1、ThispageintentionallyleftblankSocraticEpistemologyExplorationsofKnowledge-SeekingbyQuestioningSocraticEpistemologychallengesmostcurrentworkinepistemol-ogy—whichdealswiththeevaluationandjustificationofinformationalreadyacquired—bydiscussinginsteadthemoreimportantproblemofhowknowledgeisacquiredinth
2、efirstplace.JaakkoHintikka’smodelofinformation-seekingistheoldSocraticmethodofquestioning,whichhasbeengeneralizedandbroughtuptodatethroughthelogicaltheoryofquestionsandanswersthathehasdeveloped.Hintikkaarguesthatthequestbyphilosophersforadefinitionofknowledgeisill-conceivedandthattheentirenotionof
3、knowledgeshouldbereplacedbytheconceptofinformation.Andhefurtheroffersananalysisofthedifferentmeaningsoftheconceptofinformationandoftheirinterrelations.Theresultisanewandilluminatingapproachtothefieldofepistemology.JaakkoHintikkaisaninternationallyrenownedphilosopherknownastheprincipalarchitectofg
4、ame-theoreticalsemanticsandoftheinterrogativeapproachtoinquiry,andasoneofthearchitectsofdistributivenormalforms,possible-worldssemantics,treemethods,infinitelydeeplogics,andpresent-day-theoryofinductivegeneraliza-tion.NowaprofessorofphilosophyatBostonUniversity,heistheauthorofmorethanthirtybooksa
5、ndhasreceivedanumberofhon-ors,mostrecentlytheRolfSchockPrizeforLogicandPhilosophy,forhispioneeringcontributionstologicalanalysisformodalconcepts,inparticulartheconceptsofknowledgeandbelief.SocraticEpistemologyExplorationsofKnowledge-SeekingbyQuestioningJAAKKOHINTIKKABostonUniversityCAMBRIDGEUNIV
6、ERSITYPRESSCambridge,NewYork,Melbourne,Madrid,CapeTown,Singapore,SãoPauloCambridgeUniversityPressTheEdinburghBuilding,CambridgeCB28RU,UKPublishedintheUnitedStatesofAmericabyCambridgeUniversityPress,NewYorkwww.cambridge.orgInformationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9780521851015©JaakkoHintikka2007T
7、hispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexceptionandtotheprovisionofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements,noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewrittenpermissionofCambridgeUniversityPress.Firstpublishedinprintfo