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1、ZizhiTongjian1ZizhiTongjianZizhiTongjianAsectionfromoneoftheoriginalscrollsoftheZīzhìTōngjiànAuthor(s)SimaGuangetal.Originaltitle資治通鑒(ZīzhìTōngjiàn)CountryChinaLanguageChineseSubject(s)HistoryofChinaPublicationdate1084MediatypeScrollsTheZizhiTongjian(simplifiedChinese:资治通鉴;traditiona
2、lChinese:資治通鑒;pinyin:ZīzhìTōngjiàn;Wade–Giles:Tzu-chihT'ung-chien;literally"ComprehensiveMirrortoAidinGovernment")wasapioneeringreferenceworkinChinesehistoriography,publishedin1084,intheformofachronicle.In1065CE,EmperorYingzongofSongorderedthegreathistorianSimaGuang(1019–1086)toleadw
3、ithotherscholarssuchashischiefassistantsLiuShu,LiuBanandFanZuyu,[1]thecompilationofauniversalhistoryofChina.Thetasktook19yearstobecompleted,[1]and,in1084,itwaspresentedtohissuccessorEmperorShenzongofSong.TheZizhiTongjianexposesChinesehistoryfrom-403BCEto959CE,covering16dynastiesandsp
4、anningacrossalmost1,400years,[1]andcontains294volumes(巻)andabout3millionChinesecharacters.ThetextTheprincipaltextoftheZizhiTongjianwasrecordedon294juan(Chinese:卷),whicharescrollscorrespondingtoavolume,chapter,orsectionofthework.ThetextisachronologicalnarrativeofthehistoryofChinafromt
5、heWarringStatestotheFiveDynasties.Themajorcontributor,SimaGuang,wasactiveineachstepfromcollectingeventsanddatesfromvariouspreviousworkstodraftingandAsectionfromoneoftheoriginalscrollsoftheZīzhìTōngjiànpublication.SimaGuangleftthetraditionalusageinChinesehistoriography.Sincealmost1,00
6、0yearsandtheShiji,standardChinesedynastichistoriesprimarilydividedchaptersbetweenannals(紀)ofrulers,andbiographies(傳)ofofficials.InChineseterms,thebookchangedtheformatofhistoriesfrombiographicalstyle(Chinese:紀傳體)tochronologicalstyle(Chinese:編年體),whichisbettersuitedforanalysis,activism
7、andcriticism.AccordingtoWilkinson:"IthadanenormousinfluenceonlaterChinesehistoricalwriting,eitherdirectlyorthroughitsmanyabbreviations,continuations,andadaptations.Itremainsanextraordinarilyusefulfirstreferenceforaquickandreliablecoverageofeventsataparticulartime."[2]ZizhiTongjian2Th
8、e294juanswee
