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1、CONSCIOUSNESSANDTHEVOICESOFTHEMINDJULIANJAYNESBorninWestNewton,Massachusetts,JulianJaynesdidhisundergraduateworkatHarvardandMcGillandreceivedbothmaster'sanddoctoraldegreesinpsychologyfromYale.WhilethePsychologyDepartmentatPrinceton,whichhejoinedin1964,isst
2、illhisacademicbase,Dr.JayneshashadnumerouspositionsasVisitingLecturerorScholarinResidenceindepartmentsofphilosophy,English,andarcheologyandinnumerousmedicalschools.Startingoutasatraditionalcomparativepsychobiologist,hisapproachwastocharttheevolutionofconsc
3、iousnessbystudyinglearningandbrainfunctioninvariousspecies,fromtheprotozoatoworms,reptiles,andcats.Findingthisapproachunsatisfactory,hechangedcourseandhasmorerecentlyexaminedconsciousnessthroughhistoricalanalysis,introspection,andthestudyoflanguageandmetap
4、hor.Dr.Jayneshaspublishedwidely,hisearlierworkbeingontopicssuchasimprintinginbirdsandtheneuralmediationofmatingbehaviourincats.Hismorerecentworkculminatedin1976inhisbookTheOriginsofConsciousnessintheBreakdownoftheBicameralMind.Elaboratinguponthisbookarenum
5、erousmorerecentarticlespub-lishedinadiversityofjournalssuchasTheHistoryofIdeas,ArtWorld,andTheBehavioralandBrainSciences.Fewproblemshavehadasinterestinganintel-(associatedwithphilosopherssuchasPerry,lectualtrajectorythroughhistoryasthatofthe1912,orWhitehea
6、d,1925)wasavagueanalogymindanditsplaceinnature.Before1859,thethatcametobecalledneo-realism.ItseemedtoyearthatDarwinandWallaceindependentlypro-besayingthatbecauseinteractingmattercouldposednaturalselectionasthebasisofevolution,bereducedtomathematicalrelatio
7、nships,inthisissuewasknownasthemind/bodyproblemsomewayslikeourownperceptionsandinter-withitsvariousandsometimesponderoussolu-personalrelationships,thereforeconsciousnesstions.Butafterthatpivotaldate,itcametobeoriginatesinmatteritself.Unfortunately,thisknow
8、nastheproblemofconsciousnessanditsmuchtooabstractnotionishavingabitofaorigininevolution.renaissancetodayinadifferentwaywithsomeNowthefirstthing1wishtostressthisafter-physicistsbecauseofsomeoftheastonishingnoo
