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时间:2017-11-13
《固定资产折旧方法的研究》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在行业资料-天天文库。
1、目录摘要······································································1关键词····································································1引言······································································1一、固定资产折旧原理·····································
2、··········1二、固定资产的折旧方法和比较····································1(一)年限平均法···················································2(二)工作量法····················································2(三)加速折旧法7···················································31、加速折旧法的优势··············
3、···································32、加速折旧法的类型·················································3(1)双倍余额递减法····························································3(2)年限总和法································································33、加速折旧法的适用范围···············
4、····································4三、税制对固定资产折旧方法选择的影响··························4(一)我国企业一般使用的税率····································4(二)税制对固定资产折旧方法选择的影响·························4四、通货膨胀对固定资产折旧方法的影响··························5五、总结········································
5、·······················57致谢······································································6固定资产折旧方法的研究摘要:固定资产的折旧对于一个企业来说是不可避免的问题,而选取的不同的折旧方法会影响企业的经济效益和生存能力。由于每个企业的不同,我们不能够全部都用一类折旧方法来进行折旧。税制和通货膨胀都会影响到固定资产折旧方法的选择,而不同的方法有着合法避税和延期纳税的作用,可以使得企业获得更高的收益。关键词:固定资产折旧方法税制
6、合法避税通货膨胀引言:世界科学发展日新月异,往往技术的更新就在一夜之间。我国作为一个发展中国家,科技发展也并不逊与其他大国。因此我国企业的一些固定资产的更新也更加频繁。而各种各样的这时候对这些固定资产的折旧方法在对企业有着重要意义。合适的折旧方法引起了企业重要的关注。一、固定资产折旧的原理固定资产是企业的劳动手段,也是企业赖以生产经营的主要资产。而固定资产会产生磨损或自然毁坏,因此我们需要折旧。这部分随固定资产磨损的价值并没有凭空消失掉,而是逐渐经过企业生产的过程转移到了产品中,这些价值就是固定资产的折旧。7为保证企业简单再生产
7、,同时实现期间收入费用的正确匹配,企业必须在固定资产有效使用期内计提折旧。一、固定资产的折旧方法和比较固定资产的折旧方法有很多,但是我国允许的折旧方法有四种,一种是年限平均法,一种是工作量法,一种是双倍余额递减法,最后一种是年限总和法。各种方法有优点也有缺陷,适用的范围也不尽相同。(一)年限平均法年限平均法是最简单,也是最常用的一种方法。它是以固定资产预计适用年限为分摊标准,将固定资产的应提折旧总额平均分配到到使用各年的一种折旧方法。一般公式是:从公式就可以容易看出这种方法的适用范围和优劣。年限平均法的适用于那些对固定资产使用时
8、间和磨损每一时间段基本相同的企业。他的优点就是计算方便和理解容易,每段时间的折旧额相等,固定资产在使用前期操作效能高,使用资产所获得收入比较高。但是缺点也非常的明显,最大的缺陷就是修理费用很大可能会因为使用年限的增加而增加,而这种方法的折旧额都是相同的,明显不合
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