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1、Chapter3Bloodextracellularfluid30%intracellularfluid70%interstitialfluid22.7%Plasma7.3%Bodyfluids60%ofbodyweightTheFunctionofBloodAgianttransportationsystem,O2,CO2,nutrients,wastes,hormone,etchomeostaticfuntion.Organismtriestokeepbloodcompositionstableandithelptoholdinterstitialenvironm
2、entstabilityBuffersystem,tomaintainthepH,temperatureetcDefense,Defenseagainstbloodlossorbleeding(hemostasis),bloodcoagulation;DefenseagainstforeignbiologicalmaterialorimmunologicaldefenseNote:Torealisethosefunctionsbloodhastobepermanentlycirculating3.1CompositionandPhysicalandchemicalPr
3、opertiesofBloodPlasma50~55%BloodBloodcell(corpuscles,formedelements)45~50%Serumfibrinogen3.1.1BloodCompositionHematocrit(HTC)比容[‘hemətəkrit]3.1.1.1PlasmaWater93%Protein65~85g/L(AlbuminMW69000,Globulin170000,Fibrinogen40000)Electrolyte(Na+,Cl－,HCO3－)OthersubstancesRedbloodcell(RBC,erythr
4、ocyte)Whitebloodcell(WBC,leukocyte)Platelet(thrombocyte)3.1.1.2Bloodcell(formedelement)Bloodvolumeisabout7~8%ofbodyweight,about5LinaaverageadulthumanBloodvolumeisdeterminedbyinjectingaknownamountofdyelikeEvanblueintothebloodstreamanddeterminingitsconcentrationafteritmixeswiththetotalcir
5、culatingbloodandbeforeitdisappearfromthecirculation(about10min)AmountofinjecteddyePlasmaVolume=ConcentrationofdyeinbloodPlasmavolumex100Totalbloodvolume=%plasma3.1.2BloodVolume(血量）Osmoticpressureofplasma(300mOsmforhuman)crystalosmoticpressure(298.7mOsm)colloidosmoticpressure(1.3mOsm)Pla
6、smapH7.35~7.45forhumanSpecificgravityofblood1.050~1.060Specificgravityofplasma1,025~1.030Viscosityofbloodabout5timesgreaterthanthatofwater,ismarkedlyinfluencedbytheconcentrationoferythrocyteandplasmaproteins.3.1.3PhysicalandchemicalPropertiesofBloodNormalSaline3.2BloodcellPhysiology3.2.
7、1血细胞生成的部位和一般过程血细胞生成的部位(造血器官)胚胎早期卵黄囊2-3个月胚胎肝、脾4个月以后肝、脾、骨髓婴儿骨髓(肝脾可补充)成年人骨髓(仅限于一些扁骨和长骨的骨骺部)造血微环境是指造血干细胞定居的、存活、增殖、分化和成熟的场所(T淋巴细胞在胸腺中成熟)，包括造血器官中的基质细胞、基质细胞分泌的细胞外基质和各种造血调节因子。造血微环境在血细胞形成的全过程当中起调控、诱导和支持作用。造血过程和造血干细胞造血(hemopoiesis[,hi:məupɔi’i:sis])过程就是各类造血细胞发育和成熟的过程造血干细胞(hemopoieticstem
