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ID:17697285
大小:1.40 MB
页数:108页
时间:2018-09-04
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1、CHAPTERTHREESHANGARCHAEOLOGYRobertBagleyWhenShang^archaeologycameintobeingseventyyearsagoitwasthearchaeologyofonesite,Anyang^P#innorthernHenanprovince,aplacefirmlyconnectedwiththeShangdynastyoftraditionalhistorybytheoracle-boneinscriptionsunearthedthere.Since1950itsscopehaswideneds
2、teadilytotakeinnewsiteswhich,thoughtheyhavenotyieldedinscriptions,arerelatedtoAnyanginmaterialculture.Theabsenceofinscriptionsleavesthepoliticalstatusofthesesitesuncertain,butthepracticeofChinesearchaeol•ogistshasbeentogivethemaplaceinhistorybyassumingconnectionswiththeShangroyalho
3、use.Newfindshavebeenattachedtotraditionalhistoryonamodelsuppliedbytradition:sincetheShangdynastywasrepresentedbylaterwritersasthepaiamountculturalandpoliticalpowerofitstime,sitesandfindsdistantfromtheShangcourthavebeenassignedeithertopoliticalsubordinatesoftheShangkingortoinferiors
4、vaguelyimaginedasbarbarians.NoindependentcheckofthismodelissuppliedbytheAnyangoracleinscriptions,fortheytoohavebeeninterpretedontheassumptionoftheShangcourt'sparamountstatus.Shangarchaeologyhasoperatedonthepremisethattraditionalhistoryprovidesanadequateaccountofthepastandthatallarc
5、haeologicaldiscoveriesshouldfindanaturalplacewithinthataccount.Yetasarchaeologicalfindsmultiply,itbecomesincreasinglyevidentthatthecentralityandculturalunitywhicharetheessenceofthetraditionalmodelarenowheretobeseeninthearchaeologicalrecordofthetimeoftheAnyangkings.Bythattime,thelas
6、ttwoorthreecenturiesofthesecondmil•lenniumB.C.,civilizationhadlongsincespreadtoaverylargearea,andtheevidenceforcivilizedsocietiesgeographicallyremoteandculturallydifferentfromAnyangisnowabundant.Rationalizationsthatwouldattachthewholeofalargeanddiversearchaeologicalrecordtoaroyalho
7、useattestedatonecityinnorthChinahavecometolookarbitraryandimprobable.SHANGARCHAEOLOGYI25Thischapterthereforeseekstosetoutthearchaeologicalevidenceinawaythatdoesnotassumethatthepictureitpaintsiskxiowninadvance.ThechapterbeginswithabriefhistoryofthearchaeologyoftheShangdynasty,inothe
8、rwords,ofarchaeologyconcei
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