托福阅读推理题中那些“逆向推理”

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1、http://bailiedu.com托福阅读推理题中那些“逆向推理”　　托福阅读推理题每篇0-2道，考查学生理解和感知文章内容关系的能力，需要学生根据句子之间的逻辑性进行更深层次的推断。有时候，我们可以利用“正向推理”：找出与文章描述特质一致的选项。也有一些题，文章给我们的提示其实正是题干概念相反范畴的特质，这需要我们以此出发，逆推出题干范畴的特质，再得出答案。　　那么，托福阅读推理题中会有哪些情况涉及“逆向推理”呢?　　第一种情况：新的时间点引发的逆向推理　　例题一：来自-PetroleumResources-第6题　　

2、Paragraph3:Oilpoolsarevaluableundergroundaccumulationsofoil,andoilfieldsareregionsunderlainbyoneormoreoilpools.Whenanoilpoolorfieldhasbeendiscovered,wellsaredrilledintotheground.Permanenttowers,calledderricks,usedtobebuilttohandlethelongsectionsofdrillingpipe.Nowpo

3、rtabledrillingmachinesaresetupandarethendismantledandremoved.Whenthewellreachesapool,oilusuallyrisesupthewellbecauseofitsdensitydifferencewithwaterbeneathitorbecauseofthepressureofexpandinggastrappedaboveit.Althoughthisriseofoilisalmostalwayscarefullycontrolledtoda

4、y,spoutsofoil,orgushers,werecommoninthepast.Gaspressuregraduallydiesout,andoilispumpedfromthewell.Waterorsteammaybepumpeddownadjacentwellstohelppushtheoilout.Atarefinery,thecrudeoilfromundergroundisseparatedintonaturalgas,gasoline,kerosene,andvariousoils.Petrochemi

5、calssuchasdyes,fertilizer,andplasticarealsomanufacturedfromthepetroleum.　　6.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromparagraph3aboutgushers?　　○Theymakebringingtheoiltothesurfaceeasier.　　○Theysignalthepresenceofhugeoilreserves.　　○Theywastemoreoilthantheycollect.　　○Theyar

6、eunlikelytooccurnowadays.　　题目解析：　　选D.在第三段中的第六句uAlthoughthisriseofoilisalmostalwayscarefullycontrolledtoday,spoutsofoil,orgushers,werecommoninthehttp://bailiedu.compast.(虽然今天油上升到地表的过程被小心地控制着，但在过去自喷井是很常见的。)”，“today”时间点的出现提醒我们现在和过去的不同。因此D选项正确。　　这里文章中提到的特质“werecommon”是

7、关于gushers在inthepast的表现，而选项中的是说nowadays，逆推得到的选项。　　第二种情况：新的地点引发的逆向推理　　例题二：来自-TheGeologicHistoryoftheMediterranean-第4题　　Paragraph3:Withquestionsuchastheseclearlybeforethem,thescientistsaboardtheGlomarChallengerprocessedtotheMediterraneantosearchfortheanswers.OnAugust2

8、3,1970,theyrecoveredasample.Thesampleconsistedofpebblesofhardenedsedimentthathadoncebeensoft,deep-seamud,aswellasgranulesofgypsumandfragmentsofvo