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1、http://bailiedu.com托福阅读推理题中那些“逆向推理” 托福阅读推理题每篇0-2道,考查学生理解和感知文章内容关系的能力,需要学生根据句子之间的逻辑性进行更深层次的推断。有时候,我们可以利用“正向推理”:找出与文章描述特质一致的选项。也有一些题,文章给我们的提示其实正是题干概念相反范畴的特质,这需要我们以此出发,逆推出题干范畴的特质,再得出答案。 那么,托福阅读推理题中会有哪些情况涉及“逆向推理”呢? 第一种情况:新的时间点引发的逆向推理 例题一:来自-PetroleumReso
2、urces-第6题 Paragraph3:Oilpoolsarevaluableundergroundaccumulationsofoil,andoilfieldsareregionsunderlainbyoneormoreoilpools.Whenanoilpoolorfieldhasbeendiscovered,wellsaredrilledintotheground.Permanenttowers,calledderricks,usedtobebuilttohandlethelongsectio
3、nsofdrillingpipe.Nowportabledrillingmachinesaresetupandarethendismantledandremoved.Whenthewellreachesapool,oilusuallyrisesupthewellbecauseofitsdensitydifferencewithwaterbeneathitorbecauseofthepressureofexpandinggastrappedaboveit.Althoughthisriseofoilisal
4、mostalwayscarefullycontrolledtoday,spoutsofoil,orgushers,werecommoninthepast.Gaspressuregraduallydiesout,andoilispumpedfromthewell.Waterorsteammaybepumpeddownadjacentwellstohelppushtheoilout.Atarefinery,thecrudeoilfromundergroundisseparatedintonaturalgas
5、,gasoline,kerosene,andvariousoils.Petrochemicalssuchasdyes,fertilizer,andplasticarealsomanufacturedfromthepetroleum. 6.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromparagraph3aboutgushers? ○Theymakebringingtheoiltothesurfaceeasier. ○Theysignalthepresenceofhugeo
6、ilreserves. ○Theywastemoreoilthantheycollect. ○Theyareunlikelytooccurnowadays. 题目解析: 选D.在第三段中的第六句uAlthoughthisriseofoilisalmostalwayscarefullycontrolledtoday,spoutsofoil,orgushers,werecommoninthehttp://bailiedu.compast.(虽然今天油上升到地表的过程被小心地控制着,但在过去自喷井是很
7、常见的。)”,“today”时间点的出现提醒我们现在和过去的不同。因此D选项正确。 这里文章中提到的特质“werecommon”是关于gushers在inthepast的表现,而选项中的是说nowadays,逆推得到的选项。 第二种情况:新的地点引发的逆向推理 例题二:来自-TheGeologicHistoryoftheMediterranean-第4题 Paragraph3:Withquestionsuchastheseclearlybeforethem,thescientistsaboard
8、theGlomarChallengerprocessedtotheMediterraneantosearchfortheanswers.OnAugust23,1970,theyrecoveredasample.Thesampleconsistedofpebblesofhardenedsedimentthathadoncebeensoft,deep-seamud,aswellasgranulesofgypsumandfragmentsofvo