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1、TextBookofHumanParasitologyEditedbyWuZhongdao(吴忠道)、ZhengXiaoyin(郑小英)SectionIINTRODUCTIONTOPARASITOLOGYParasitology（寄生虫学）,thestudyofparasites（寄生虫）andtheirrelationshipstotheirhosts（宿主）,isoneofthemostfascinatingareasofthebiology.Whileitisentirelypropertoclassifymanybac
2、teria（细菌）andfungi（真菌）andallvirusesasparasites,parasitologyhastraditionallybeenlimitedtoparasiticprotozoa（原虫）,helminthes（蠕虫）,andarthropods（节肢动物）,aswellasthosespeciesofarthropodsthatserveasvectors（媒介）forparasites.Itfollows,then,thatparasitologyencompasseselementsofpro
3、tozoology（原虫学）,helminthology（蠕虫学）,andmedicalarthropodology（医学节肢动物学）.Humanparasitology,animportantpartofparasitology,studythemedicalparasitesincludingtheirmorphology(形态学),lifecycle（生活史）,therelationshipwithhostandenvironment.Theobjectivesaretostudythewayorthemeasureme
4、ntofparasiticdiseasescontrol.IMPORTANCEOFPARASITOLOGYWhydostudentsneedtolearnthecoursenow?Inparttime,parasiticinfectionsorparasiticdiseaseswerethemostcommondiseasesintheworld.Therefore,parasitologyplayedimportantroleonthemedicineandpublichealth,noneneglecttheimporta
5、ntofparasitology.Withthenearlysimultaneousdevelopmentofantibioticdrugs,syntheticpesticides（杀虫剂）,andvariousantiparasiticagents,itwasforatimewidelybelievedthattheinfectiousdiseaseswouldforallpracticalpurposesdisappearfromtheclinicalscene.Someonehasaskedthequestion,why
6、domedicalstudentsstillneedtolearnparasitology?Beforeanswerthequestion,letmereviewtheepidemicsituationofparasiticdiseasesintheworld.AccordingtotheWHO（世界卫生组织）2001yearreport,parasiticdiseasesisstillanimportanthumandiseases.Intheworld,210millionpeopleresideintheendemica
7、reasofmalaria（疟疾）,10millioncaseswithmalariaoccureveryyear;20millioninfectedindividualswasestimatedintheworld.SoTDR/WHOhasproclaimedthat10majorunconqueredhumantropicaldiseases（热带病）,Africantrypanosomiasis（非洲锥虫）,Dengue（登革热）,Leishmaniasis（利什曼病）,Malaria（疟疾）,Schistosomias
8、is（血吸虫病）,Tuberculosis（结核病）,Chagasdisease（夏格病又称美洲锥虫病）,Leprosy（麻风）,Lymphaticfilariasis（淋巴丝虫病）,Onchocerciasis（盘尾丝虫病）.Amongthem7diseasesarepar
