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1、83-课题50_dna复制、转录、翻译的比较（Comparisonof50_dnareplication,transcriptionandtranslationin83-）Acomparativestudyof50:DNAreplication,transcriptionandTranslationTranscriptionandtranslationofgeneticinformation.Calculationofbasenumberingeneexpressionprocess.Acomparativest
2、udyofDNAreplication,transcriptionandTranslationcopyTranscriptiontranslatetimeInterphaseofcelldivisionThewholeprocessofindividualgrowthanddevelopmentplaceMainlyinthenucleusMainlyinthenucleusCytoplasmicribosomeTemplateTwosinglestrandsofDNAAchainofDNAMRNArawmate
3、rial4kindsofdeoxyribonucleicacid4nucleotides20aminoacidsconditionSpecificenzymesandATParerequiredproduct2doublestrandedDNAAsinglestrandedRNA(mRNA,tRNA,rRNA)Polypeptidechains(orproteins)ProducttrendsPassto2daughtercellsLeavethenucleusandenterthecytoplasmConsti
4、tutivecellstructureproteinsFunctionalproteinCharacteristicEdgesolutionreplication,SemireservedreplicationEdgeunwinding,transcription,posttranscriptionalDNATheoriginaldoublestrandedstructureisstillrestoredAfterthetranslation,mRNABreakdownintoasinglenucleotideB
5、asepairingA-T,T-A,G-C,C-GA-U,T-A,G-C,C-GA-U,U-A,C-G,G-CGeneticinformationtransferDNAtoDNADNAtomRNAMRNAproteinSignificanceTransfergeneticinformationfromparentstooffspringTheexpressionofgeneticinformationenablesorganismstoexhibitvarioustraitsTwo.Quantitativecal
6、culationofgeneexpression(1)therelationshipbetweenthebasenumberinthegeneandthebasenumberinmRNA:whentranscribed,onlyonestrandinthetwostrandsofthegenecanbetranscribed,andtheotherstrandcannotbetranscribed.Thegeneisadoublestrandedstructure,andRNAisasinglestrandeds
7、tructure.Therefore,thebasenumberinthemRNAmoleculeformedbytranscriptionisthe1/2ofthebasenumberinthegene.(two)therelationshipbetweenbasesandaminoacidinmRNA:intheprocessoftranslation,ineachofthe3messengerRNAbasetodecideanumberofaminoacids,sotheaminoacidproteintr
8、anslationandsynthesisofmessengerRNAisbaseto1/3.Insummary,thenumberofaminoacidsintheprotein=tRNAnumber=1/3mRNAbasenumber=1/6DNA(orgene)basenumber.(three)theanalysisof"maximum"and"least"inc
