多代理系统：算法，博弈论和逻辑基础

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1、MULTIAGENTSYSTEMSAlgorithmic,Game-Theoretic,andLogicalFoundationsYoavShohamStanfordUniversityKevinLeyton-BrownUniversityofBritishColumbiaRevision1.0MultiagentSystemsiscopyright©ShohamandLeyton-Brown,2009.Thisversionisformatteddifferentlythanthebook—andinparticularhas

2、differentpagenumbering—andhasnotbeenfullycopyedited.Pleasetreattheprintedbookasthedefinitiveversion.Youareinvitedtousethiselectroniccopywithoutrestrictionforon-screenviewing,butarerequestedtoprintitonlyunderoneofthefollowingcircumstances:•Youliveinaplacethatdoesnotoff

3、eryouaccesstothephysicalbook;•Thecostofthebookisprohibitiveforyou;•Youneedonlyoneortwochapters.Finally,weaskyounottolinkdirectlytothePDFortodistributeitelectronically.Instead,weinviteyoutolinktohttp://www.masfoundations.org.Thiswillallowustogaugethelevelofinterestint

4、hebookandtoupdatethePDFtokeepitconsistentwithreprintingsofthebook.iTomywifeNoaandmydaughtersMaia,TaliaandElla—YSToJude—KLBContentsCreditsandAcknowledgmentsxiIntroductionxiii1DistributedConstraintSatisfaction11.1Definingdistributedconstraintsatisfactionproblems21.2Doma

5、in-pruningalgorithms41.3Heuristicsearchalgorithms81.3.1Theasynchronousbacktrackingalgorithm101.3.2Asimpleexample121.3.3Anextendedexample:thefourqueensproblem131.3.4BeyondtheABTalgorithm171.4Historyandreferences182DistributedOptimization192.1Distributeddynamicprogramm

6、ingforpathplanning192.1.1Asynchronousdynamicprogramming192.1.2Learningreal-timeA∗202.2ActionselectioninmultiagentMDPs222.3Negotiation,auctionsandoptimization282.3.1Fromcontractnetstoauction-likeoptimization282.3.2Theassignmentproblemandlinearprogramming302.3.3Thesche

7、dulingproblemandintegerprogramming362.4Sociallawsandconventions442.5Historyandreferences463IntroductiontoNoncooperativeGameTheory:GamesinNormalForm473.1Self-interestedagents473.1.1Example:friendsandenemies483.1.2Preferencesandutility493.2Gamesinnormalform543.2.1Examp

8、le:theTCPuser'sgame54ivContents3.2.2Definitionofgamesinnormalform553.2.3Moreexamplesofnormal-formgames563.2.4Strategiesinnormal-form