从《大唐西市博物馆藏墓志》考察唐代县令

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1、摘要从《大唐西市博物馆藏墓志》考察唐代县令专业：中国史研究生:张娟指导老师:魏华仙王孙盈政摘要：县令作为一县的行政长官，总理一县事务。其治理与封建统治密切相关。县令一职在理论上受到统治者的重视，实际上却并非如此。以安史之乱为界，其历史发展进程可以分为前后两个阶段。就其入仕途径而言，途径多样。在唐代前期，科举和门荫所占比例相同，杂色入流次之。到了后期，科举所占比例增加；与唐代前期相比，后期县令的文化素质有所提高。且幕职入仕亦成为一大方式。在职掌方面，唐前期县令以宣扬德行和思想教化为重心；后期县令职掌大致如前期，在具体职责方面添加了新内容。关于选授，县令的选授权及选授方式在前后期亦有不

2、同。前期县令的选授具由中央；后期情况发生变化，县令选授权部分下移，地方藩镇可以对县令实行任免权。其方式也因其县所在藩镇与中央政治关系的不同而有所差异。就其迁转，其迁转情况多样，总体上其迁入及迁出官职以地方官为主，除了京畿县令外，非京畿县令基本上一生都在地方迁转，很难迁任京官。最后通过《大唐西市博物馆藏墓志》与两《唐书》的对比，可见墓志记载与正史记载的异同。关键词：唐代县令《大唐西市博物馆藏墓志》I四川师范大学硕士学位论文InvestigationofCountymagistratesinTangDynastyFrom"DatangXishiMuseumEpitaph"Major:C

3、hineseancienthistoryPostgraduate:ZhangJuanSupervisor:WeiHuaxianWangSunYingzhengAbstract:Theprefecturaldecreeactsasthechiefexecutiveofacounty,theprimeministerofacounty,andtheaffairsofacounty.Itsgovernanceiscloselyrelatedtofeudalrule.Thepositionofcountymagistratesismuchaccountedoftherulertheoret

4、ically,butthat’snotthecase.WiththeAnshiRebellionastheboundary,itshistoricaldevelopmentprocesscanbedividedintotwostagesnamedbeforeandafter.Asfarastheaccesstoofficialserviceisconcerned,therearemanyways.IntheearlyTangDynasty,theimperialexaminationanddoorshadewasthesame.Inthelaterperiod,theimperia

5、lexaminationsincreased;ComparedwiththeearlyTangDynasty,theculturalqualityofthecountymagistratewasimproved.Andthescreendutytoentertheofficialservicealsobecameabigway.Intheaspectoftheprofessionalcharge,countymagistratesintheearlyTangDynastyfocusedonpromotingmoralconductandideologicalenlightenmen

6、t.Inthelaterperiod,anewcontentwasaddedtothespecificduties.Ontheissueofelection,itisdifferentforthecountymagistratesoftheelectionauthorizationandselectionofthewayinthepastandlater.Thecentralgovernmentshallselectthetoolsfortheearlycountymagistrates;Laterchangesoccurred,thecountymagistratesselect

7、ionauthorizationpartmoveddown,localtownscanbethecountymagistratestoimplementthepowerofappointmentandremoval.Anditswaysarealsodifferentbecauseofthedifferentpoliticalrelationsbetweenthecountyandthecentralgovernment.Asfarasitstransferiscon