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1、湖北民族学院理学院2014届本科毕业论文(设计)9<量子力学的绘景和表象探讨>学生姓名:范苑圆学号:021040204专业:物理学答辩时间:2014年5月25日指导老师:罗敏评阅老师:locatedintheTomb,DongShenJiabang,deferthenextdayfocusedontheassassination.Linping,Zhejiang,1ofwhichliquorwinemasters(WuzhensaidinformationisCarpenter),whogotAfewbayonets,duetomissed
2、fatal,whennightcame21摘要在量子力学中,绘景和表象一直是一对很容易混淆的概念,但二者在本质上有很大的区别。绘景是来描述波函数和力学量算符随时间演化的图像,相当于经典力学中所选择的“参考系”;表象则是选定的基矢,让波函数和力学量算符有具体的表示形式,它相当于经典力学中的“坐标系”。在同一绘景中,当选择了不同希尔伯特空间的基底,就进入了不同的表象。各个特殊的表象具有其独特的优势,所以在计算时要根据需要去选择不同的表象。关键词:绘景,表象,基矢,波函数,力学量AbstractThepictureandappearanceofq
3、uantummechanicshasalwaysbeendifficulttogotaclearunderstandingof,butthereisabigdifferencebetweenthemessentially.Thepictureisusedtodescribetheimageofevolutionwithtimeofwavefunctionandmechanicsmeasure.Itisequaltothe“referencesubstance”intheclassicmechanics.Buttheappearanceist
4、hebasevector,whichgivesthespecificshowformofwavefunctionandmechanicsmeasure.Itisequaltothe“coordinatesystem”intheclassicmechanics.Inonepicture,itgetsdifferentappearancebecauseofdifferentbasevectorinHilbertspacehasbeenchosen.Eachspecialappearancehasitsuniqueadvantage,soweha
5、vetochoosedifferentappearanceaccordingtoourneedwhenwecalculate.Keywords:picture,appearance,basevector,wavefunction,mechanicsmeasurelocatedintheTomb,DongShenJiabang,deferthenextdayfocusedontheassassination.Linping,Zhejiang,1ofwhichliquorwinemasters(WuzhensaidinformationisCa
6、rpenter),whogotAfewbayonets,duetomissedfatal,whennightcame21目录错误!未找到索引项。locatedintheTomb,DongShenJiabang,deferthenextdayfocusedontheassassination.Linping,Zhejiang,1ofwhichliquorwinemasters(WuzhensaidinformationisCarpenter),whogotAfewbayonets,duetomissedfatal,whennightcame2
7、1居中小三号宋体加粗用希腊数字编制页码目录小四号宋体locatedintheTomb,DongShenJiabang,deferthenextdayfocusedontheassassination.Linping,Zhejiang,1ofwhichliquorwinemasters(WuzhensaidinformationisCarpenter),whogotAfewbayonets,duetomissedfatal,whennightcame211绪言人们对量子力学的探索从未停止过脚步,但许多人在研究过程中由于对量子力学原理没有深刻清
8、晰的认识,所以对于一些抽象的概念容易混淆,特别是绘景和表象的概念。在21世纪之前的一些文章和书籍中,总会出现将绘景和表象混为一谈,这对于以后的学习和研究者在查阅有关资料的时候会造