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1、《NATURE》上给青年科研工作者的几条忠告(ZZ)Nature426,389(27November2003);doi:10.1038/426389a Scientist:FourgoldenlessonsSTEVENWEINBERGStevenWeinbergisintheDepartmentofPhysics,theUniversityofTexasatAustin,Texas78712,USA.ThisessayisbasedonacommencementtalkgivenbytheauthorattheScienceConvocationatMcGill
2、UniversityinJune2003.WhenIreceivedmyundergraduatedegree—aboutahundredyearsago—thephysicsliteratureseemedtomeavast,unexploredocean,everypartofwhichIhadtochartbeforebeginninganyresearchofmyown.HowcouldIdoanythingwithoutknowingeverythingthathadalreadybeendone?Fortunately,inmyfirstyearofg
3、raduateschool,Ihadthegoodlucktofallintothehandsofseniorphysicistswhoinsisted,overmyanxiousobjections,thatImuststartdoingresearch,andpickupwhatIneededtoknowasIwentalong.Itwassinkorswim.Tomysurprise,Ifoundthatthisworks.ImanagedtogetaquickPhD—thoughwhenIgotitIknewalmostnothingaboutphysic
4、s.ButIdidlearnonebigthing:thatnooneknowseverything,andyoudon'thaveto.Anotherlessontobelearned,tocontinueusingmyoceanographicmetaphor,isthatwhileyouareswimmingandnotsinkingyoushouldaimforroughwater.WhenIwasteachingattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyinthelate1960s,astudenttoldmethat
5、hewantedtogointogeneralrelativityratherthantheareaIwasworkingon,elementaryparticlephysics,becausetheprinciplesoftheformerwerewellknown,whilethelatterseemedlikeamesstohim.Itstruckmethathehadjustgivenaperfectlygoodreasonfordoingtheopposite.Particlephysicswasanareawherecreativeworkcoulds
6、tillbedone.Itreallywasamessinthe1960s,butsincethattimetheworkofmanytheoreticalandexperimentalphysicistshasbeenabletosortitout,andputeverything(well,almosteverything)togetherinabeautifultheoryknownasthestandardmodel.Myadviceistogoforthemesses—that'swheretheactionis.Mythirdpieceofadvice
7、isprobablythehardesttotake.Itistoforgiveyourselfforwastingtime.Studentsareonlyaskedtosolveproblemsthattheirprofessors(unlessunusuallycruel)knowtobesolvable.Inaddition,itdoesn'tmatteriftheproblemsarescientificallyimportant—theyhavetobesolvedtopassthecourse.Butinthereal20currencydeposit
8、,wepr
