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1、TheJewandtheMoor:Shakespeare’sRacialVision犹太人与摩尔人：莎士比亚的种族见解摘要種族非莎劇最重要主題之一，但莎翁於五劇本中透過十一人物呈現其「種族見識」。猶太人與摩爾人代表兩種最基本的種族主義：在以基督教和白人為中心的莎劇世界裡，宗教和膚色成為種族歧視的主因。本論文談到莎劇中各項種族的傲慢與偏見，探究種族主義的相關因素，歸納莎翁對種族問題的看法，最後提出莎翁心靈所見的靈象：「羞鎖客」(Shylock)摔不掉種族意識的鎖，而奧賽羅永遠被種族主義的手巾綁住而喊叫：「噢！地獄囉!」(Ot,he
2、ll,O!)。從莎劇中，我們可以看出：莎翁看到種族各異，但主張種族間應有自由、平等、博愛，所以他是人道主義者，其宏大的心靈帶來的是不偏不倚的種族見識。关键词：1.猶太人2.摩爾人3.種族見識4.種族主義5.宏大心靈6.種族人物7.傲慢與偏見8.威尼斯與地中海32AbstractRacewasneverShakespeare’scentraltheme,butShakespeare’scomprehensivesoulhascreatedanimpressiveracialvision.Fiveofhisplayshavetouc
3、hedonracialproblemsandhisracialpersonaeareaboveten.TheJewandtheMooraretwomostprominentfigurersrepresentingtwobasictypesofracisminShakespeare.Racialismcanbedistinguishedfromracism.Intrinsicracismandextrinsicracismareduetoracialprideandracialprejudice,respectively.Shak
4、espeare’sworldwasawhite-centeredChristendom.Skincolorandreligionwerethustheelementalfeatures(ofnatureandnurture)thatinducedracism,VeniceorItalybeingShakespeare’sconvenientlocalefordramatizinghisracialactionsandreactions.Inthispaper,instancesofracialprideandprejudicei
5、nShakespearearepresented,thecausesofracismareinvestigated,Shakespeare’sviewsofraceandracismarediscussed,andhisracialvisionisdelineated.Theconclusionis:Shakespearerecognizestheexistenceofracialdifferencesbutheisnotaracist.Shakespeareisinfactanimpartial,humanitariandra
6、matistpreachinginterracialliberty,equality,andfraternity.InhisvisionthereisalwaysaShylocklockedupshylyinhisracialideology,accompaniedbyanOthellocrying“Ot,hell,O!”forvillainousmisuseofracialconsciousness.Theplaywright’scomprehensivesoulwantseveryoneofustoshyawaytherac
7、ial“bond”thatcutsourheartsanddiscardtheracial“handkerchief”thatbringsustragediesinsteadofcuringourheadaches.Keywordsandphrases:1.theJew2.theMoor3.racialvision4.racialism/racism5.comprehensivesoul6.racialpersonae7.prideandprejudice8.Shylock9.Othello10.VeniceandtheMedi
8、terranean32I.ComprehensiveSoulItiswellknownthatJohnDryden,inhis“AnEssayofDramaticPoesy,”makesNeanderpraiseShakespeareas“themanwhoof
