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1、考博英语阅读资料UnitOnePassage1Thephysicaldistributionofproductshastwoprimaryaspects:transportationandstorage.Bothaspectsarehighlydevelopedandspecializedphasesofmarketing.Thecostsofbothtrans-portingandstoringarebuiltintothepricesofproducts.Transportationcanbebytruck,rail-way,ship,orbarge.Forsomei
2、tems,suchasexoticplantsandflowers,orwhenrapiddeliveryisessential,airfreightmaybeused.Storage,orwarehousing,isanecessaryfunctionbecauseproductionandconsumptionofgoodsrarelymatch:itemsgenerallyarenotsoldasquicklyastheyaremade.Inventoriesbuildup,bothinwarehousesandatretailestablishments,befo
3、rethefoodsaresold.Thetransporta-tionfunctionisinvolvedinbringinggoodstoawarehouseandtakingthemfromittoretailstores.Storageperformstheserviceofstabilizingmarketprice.If,forexample,noagriculturalproductcouldbestored,allfoodwouldhavetobeputonthemarketimmediately.Thiswould,ofcourse,createaglu
4、tandlowerpricesdrastically.Therewouldbeanimmediatebenefittoconsumers,butinthelongruntheywouldsuffer.Farmers,becauseoflowprices,wouldbeforcedofftheland,andtheamountoffoodproducedwoulddecrease.This,inturn,wouldraiseconsumerprices.Warehousesforstorageareofseveraltypes.Privatewarehousesareown
5、edbymanufactur-ers.Publicwarehouses,inspiteoftheirname,areprivatelyownedfacilities,buttheyarein-dependentofmanufacturerownership.General-merchandisewarehousesstoreagreatvarietyofproducts.Cold-storagewarehousesstoreperishablegoods,especiallyfoodproducts.Grainele-vatorsareakindofwarehouseus
6、edtokeepwheatandothergrainsfromspoiling.Abondedwarehouseisonethatstoresfoods,frequentlyimported,onwhichtaxesmustbepaidbeforetheyaresold.Cigarettesandalcoholicbeveragesarecommonexamples.29Thedistributioncenterisamorerecentlydevelopedkindofwarehouse.Manylargecom-panicshaveseveralmanufacturi
7、ngplants,sometimeslocatedoutsidethecountry.Eachplantdoesnotmakeeverycompanyproductbutspecializesinoneormoreofthem.Thedistributioncenterallowsamanufacturertobringtogetherallproductlinesinoneplace.Itspurposeistominimizestorageandtoeasetheflowofgoodsfrommanufacturersto
