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1、考博网提供kaobo.net考博英语阅读资料100篇UnitOnePassage1Thephysicaldistributionofproductshastwoprimaryaspects:transportationandstorage.Bothaspectsarehighlydevelopedandspecializedphasesofmarketing.Thecostsofbothtrans-portingandstoringarebuiltintothepricesofproducts.Transportationcanbe
2、bytruck,rail-way,ship,orbarge.Forsomeitems,suchasexoticplantsandflowers,orwhenrapiddeliveryisessential,airfreightmaybeused.Storage,orwarehousing,isanecessaryfunctionbecauseproductionandconsumptionofgoodsrarelymatch:itemsgenerallyarenotsoldasquicklyastheyaremade.Invento
3、riesbuildup,bothinwarehousesandatretailestablishments,beforethefoodsaresold.Thetransporta-tionfunctionisinvolvedinbringinggoodstoawarehouseandtakingthemfromittoretailstores.Storageperformstheserviceofstabilizingmarketprice.If,forexample,noagriculturalproductcouldbestor
4、ed,allfoodwouldhavetobeputonthemarketimmediately.Thiswould,ofcourse,createaglutandlowerpricesdrastically.Therewouldbeanimmediatebenefittoconsumers,butinthelongruntheywouldsuffer.Farmers,becauseoflowprices,wouldbeforcedofftheland,andtheamountoffoodproducedwoulddecrease.
5、This,inturn,wouldraiseconsumerprices.Warehousesforstorageareofseveraltypes.Privatewarehousesareownedbymanufactur-ers.Publicwarehouses,inspiteoftheirname,areprivatelyownedfacilities,buttheyarein-dependentofmanufacturerownership.General-merchandisewarehousesstoreagreatva
6、rietyofproducts.Cold-storagewarehousesstoreperishablegoods,especiallyfoodproducts.Grainele-vatorsareakindofwarehouseusedtokeepwheatandothergrainsfromspoiling.Abondedwarehouseisonethatstoresfoods,frequentlyimported,onwhichtaxesmustbepaidbeforetheyaresold.Cigarettesandal
7、coholicbeveragesarecommonexamples.Thedistributioncenterisamorerecentlydevelopedkindofwarehouse.Manylargecom-panicshaveseveralmanufacturingplants,sometimeslocatedoutsidethecountry.Eachplantdoesnotmakeeverycompanyproductbutspecializesinoneormoreofthem.Thedistributioncent
8、erallowsamanufacturertobringtogetherallproductlinesinoneplace.Itspurposeistominimizestorageandtoeasetheflowofgoodsfro
