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1、博联兄弟同声翻译提醒大家专注本帖：高级口译和专八阅读以及文化常识必读。想过专八的同学和想过高口的同学，本文当成扫盲课，每周温习一遍。坚持3个月，成人文专家。1、TwomajorelementsinEuropeanculture:theGreco-Roman/Judeo-Christian2、Democracymeans:“exerciseofpowerbythewholepeople”,butby“thewholepeople”,theGreeksmeantonlytheadultmalecitizens,andcitizenshipwasasetofrightswhichamani
2、nheritedfromhisfather,women,children,foreignersandslaveswereexcluded,theyhavenorights.3、Homerepics:theIliad/theOdyssey4、Dramadevelopedinthe5thcenturyB.CTragedian悲剧作家Aeschylus希腊的悲剧诗人埃斯库罗斯—Prometheus普罗米修斯bound/Persians/Agamemnon阿伽门农,特洛伊战争中希腊军队的统帅Sophocles—Oedipus[希神]俄狄浦斯theking/Electra/Antigone[希
3、神]安提歌尼(底比斯王俄狄普斯之女,因违抗禁令而自杀身亡)Euripides欧里庇得斯(希腊的悲剧诗人)—Andromache/Medea美狄亚(希腊神话中科尔喀斯国王之女,以巫术著称,曾帮助过伊阿宋取得金羊毛)/Trojan特洛伊womenComedist喜剧作家Aristophanes—Frogs/clouds/Birdswasps5、PhilosophySocrates苏格拉底:Dialogues<谈话录>他坚持的观点是人类的美德是一种知识，因此一切恶行都是无知的结果。Plato柏拉图:Dialogues对话录/theApology/Symposium(dealingwithb
4、eautyandlove)/theRepublicPlato’sphilosophyiscalledidealism理想主义,唯心论.Aristotle亚里斯多德:Ethics伦理学/Politics/Poetics诗论/Rhetoric修辞学重点Whatshouldbeman’saiminlife?Aristotle’sanswerwashappiness,butnothappinessinthevulgarsense,butsomethingthatcouldonlybeachievedbyleadingalifeofreason,goodnessandcontemplation
5、沉思.6、Cynics犬儒主义P29Diogenes第欧根尼：希腊哲学家，哲学犬儒学派奠基人，强调自我控制和推崇善行。说他曾提着灯在雅典大街漫步寻找诚实的人,decidedtolivelikeadogandtheword“cynic”means“dog”inGreek,herejectedallconventions–whetherofreligion,ofmanners,dress,housing,food,orofdecency.7、RomanhistoryP38Theyear27B.CdividedthehistoryofRomeintotwoperiods:beforethe
6、n,Romehadbeenarepublic,inthatyear,OctaviustooksupremepowerasemperorwiththetitleofAugustus.Twocenturieslater,theRomanempirereacheditsgreatestextend,encirclingtheMediterranean地中海,reachingScotlandinthenorthandspreadingintoArmeniaandMesopotamiaintheeast.Theemperorsreliedonastrongarmy—thefamousRoman
7、Legions古罗马军团(约有3000至6000步兵,辅以数百名骑兵)andanefficientbureaucracy官僚机构toexerttheirrule,whichwasfacilitatedbyawelldevelopedsystemofroads.ThustheRomanenjoyedalongperiodofpeacelastingtwohundredyears,aremarkablephenomenoninhistoryknowasthep
