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1、PersonnelPolicies人事政策Allagencieshavepersonnelpolicies,eventhosethatmayinsisttheyhavenopersonnelmanual.Thepolicesmaydifferintermsofthedegreeofspecificityandformalitywithwhichtheyareexpressed,buttheyarepresentintheexpectationsthatthegoverningboardanddir
2、ectorhaveoftheemployeesandthattheemployeeshaveofeachother.Insomeagencies,theymaybeverbaldescriptionsofexpectedbehavior,inotherstheymaybeaseriesofmemosdescribingexpectations,andinstillotheragenciestheymaybecodifiedintoaformalmanualgiventoallnewemployee
3、s.Agencyvariationswithregardtodegreeandspecificityofformalityaretheresultofseveralfactors,includingwhetheremployeesareapartofcivilserviceorunionsystem,thesizeoftheagency,theageoftheagency,andwhethertheagency’spersonnelpracticeshaveevenbeenthesubjectof
4、agrievanceorlawsuit.所有机构，即便是那些没有人事手册的机构，都有人事政策。这些政策可能会在表达的具体程度和形式上有所不同，但它们都体现了董事会对雇员，以及员工之间的期望。在一些机构，它们可能是口头说明的所预期行为，在另外的机构，它们可能是一系列的阐述期望的备忘录，它们还可能会被整理成正式的手册给所有新员工。有若干因素导致了机构的政策在程度和具体形式上的差异，包括员工是否属于行政或联邦制度，机构的规模，机构的创办时间，以及该机构的人事政策是否甚至一直受到申诉或诉讼。Aswithw
5、rittenjobdescriptions,itisourfirmbeliefthatallagenciesarewellservedbyhavingwrittenpersonnelpolicies.Writtenpolicesclarifyexpectationsandbothservetoavoidpersonnelandmakeiteasiertocorrectproblems,whentheyoccur.Theyarealsoanessentialelementincreatingthes
6、enseamongemployeesthattheirtreatmentisfairbecausetheyknowthatrulesapplytothemandtootheremployees.关于书面的工作说明，我们坚定地相信，所有的机构都会从书面的人事政策中受益。书面政策阐明了机构的期望，而且能够有助于避免人员犯错，也更易于纠正问题。为了让员工感到他们的待遇是公平的，必须有书面政策。因为这样他们会知道本规则不仅适用于自己而且也适用于其它员工。Personnelpoliciesarenotsta
7、tics,andeveninagencieswithwell-establishedandcompletepoliciestheyneedtobereviewedperiodically.Changesaremostoftenidentifiedinresponsetoproblemsorissues.Severalemployees,forexample,maydevelopaninterestinjobsharingbecauseoftheirfamilycircumstances.Apoli
8、cymayneedtobedevelopedtodescribeunderwhatcircumstancesisjobsharingpossible,whatcategoriesofpositionsareeligibleforsharing,andhowemployeesapplyforsharing.Inotherinstances,theremaybeconcernthattoomuchtimeisbeingspentbyemployeesplayingcomputergam
