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1、现代公共政策理论与古典公共性观念一、公共政策理论是以现代政治哲学为前提的;西方很多大学设有“哲学与公共政策”学院,这一制度设置其背后的理念是,视哲学对于民主社会的公共政策之意义为不言而喻。在民主社会中,哲学不仅发挥着公共领域的启蒙的作用,是民主社会中公共舆论的重要场域,而且,也直接或间接地为公共政策的科学方法和实证研究提供论证和建议。我们这届“世界哲学日”哲学论坛的主题“哲学与公共政策”无疑包含了人们期望“将哲学拉向公共领域”甚至是服务于公共领域的美好愿望,但是,我在此所做的乃是“将公共领域拉向哲学”的努力,试图思考和批判现代各种公共领域的思想
2、以及诸如公共政策这类社会科学的哲学根基。那些要哲学为公共政策提供直接的、实用的解决方案和思路,是来自公共领域通常的合情合理的诉求;然而,一个有着发育良好的公共理性的公共领域更应该要求哲学能超出一时一地的限制,超出急功近利的目的,甚至是超出狭隘的族群党派立场、意识形态的偏见或公众意见的压力,转移一时之思维方式,开拓理解和反思公共领域行为的新思路和新领域。从这一诉求来看,古典政治哲学相对于公共政策及其现代政治哲学的前提而言,反而能提供一种反潮流的、因而也可能是“新”的视野和思考方式。;“公共政策”(Publicorganizationsystema
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