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1、WhoisBernardMadoff?uBernardMadoffwasborninaJewish(犹太)family,April291938(EverybodyknowsthatJewisharefamousfortheirhighIQ.138outof680peoplewhowontheNobelPrizeareJewish).In1956heattendedtheUniversityofAlabamaforoneyear,andthentransferredtoandgraduatedfromHofstraCollegein1960w
2、ithadegreeinpoliticalscience.uAfterhebecameastockbrokerfromaplumber(水管工),hiscareerkeptgoingup.Besidesaformerstockbroker,hewasalsoafinancialadviser,andtheformerchairmanoftheNASDAQ.Hefoundedthemarket-makingfirm“BernardL.MadoffInvestmentSecuritiesLLC”in1960.Bytheyear2009,Mado
3、ffandhiswifewereworthupto$126million,whilethevalueofhisbusinessinterestinhisinvestmentcompanyaddsupto$700million.uButintheend,whenthefamousMadoffFraudwasknowntotheworld,hewasarrestedonDecember11,2008,forrunninganallegedPonzischeme.HewassentencedtostayintheFederalPrisonfor1
4、50yearsandaforfeiture(财产没收)of$170.179billion.WhatistheMadoffFraud(麦氏骗局)uBasically,theMadoffFraudisatypical“PonziScheme”(庞兹骗局).InaPonzischeme,thefraudsterpromiseshighreturnstoattractnewinvestorstogivemoneytohim,andheusethesemoneytosetupafund,fromwherehemakespaymentstothosee
5、arlierinvestors.Sowithoutasteadycashflow,the“PonziScheme”collapseseasily.uInmanyPonzischemes,thefraudstersfocusonattractingnewmoneytomakepromisedpaymentstoearlierinvestors,insteadofengaging(致力于)inanylegitimate(合法的)investmentactivity.InMadoffFraud,evenhisinvestmentactivityo
6、fhedgefundlostabout$50billion,hecanstillkeptitsecretbypayingoutearlierinvestorswithmoneyfromnewinvestors.Howdidhemakeit?AsIjustmentioned,the“PonziScheme”collapseeasilyoncetherewerenomorenewinvestors,buttheMadoffFrauddeceived(欺骗)thewholeworldformorethan20years.Youmustbewond
7、ering,“howcouldhemakeitsolong?”Hereare4mainreasons.uAwideconnectionwithrichpeopleAstheformerchairmanofNASDAQ,healreadyhadawideconnectionofpeoplefromupper-classsociety.What’smore,heoftenshowedupinsomeGolfClubsorCocktailPartiestoknowmorerichpeopleandmadethemhisprospectiveinv
8、estors.uHighreputationAwideconnectionofrichpeopleisnotenough,Madoffknewit.Sohemadegreatef
