[美]托马斯·麦特考夫 统治的意识形态(新编剑桥印度史3.4)

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1、Fromthemid-eighteenthcentury,astheEastIndiaCompanyembarkedonitscareerofconquest,theBritishhadtoconfrontthequestionofhow,asapeoplesteepedintheideasofnationalismandliberalism,theycouldclaimtherighttocontrolavastAsiansubcontinent.TheprinciplestheyenunciatedendeavouredtolegitimatetheirruleoverI

2、ndia.ThomasMetcalfarguesthattheBritishdevisedtwodivergentstrategiestojustifytheirauthority;onedefinedessentialcharacteristicswhichtheIndianssharedwiththeBritishthemselves,whiletheotheremphasizedthepresumedqualitiesofenduring'difference'.Overtime,however,itwasthedifferences-differencesofhist

3、ory,race,genderandsociety-whichembeddedthemselvesmostdeeplyintheBritishideaofIndia,andsobecamepredominant.SincetheBritishconstructedfewexplicitideologiesofempire,theauthorexplorestheworkingsoftheRajthroughstudyofitsunderlyingassumptionsasrevealedinpoliciesandwritings.CambridgeHistoriesOnlin

4、e©CambridgeUniversityPress,2008CambridgeHistoriesOnline©CambridgeUniversityPress,2008THENEWCAMBRIDGEHISTORYOFINDIAIdeologiesoftheRajCambridgeHistoriesOnline©CambridgeUniversityPress,2008THENEWCAMBRIDGEHISTORYOFINDIAGeneraleditorGORDONJOHNSONPresidentofWolfsonCollege,andDirector,CentreofSout

5、hAsianStudies,UniversityofCambridgeAssociateeditorsC.A.BAYLYVereHarmsworthProfessorofImperialandNavalHistory,UniversityofCambridge,andFellowofStCatharine'sCollegerfwdJoHNF.RICHARDSProfessorofHistory,DukeUniversityAlthoughtheoriginalCambridgeHistoryofIndia,publishedbetween1922and1937,didmuch

6、toformulateachronologyforIndianhistoryanddescribetheadministrativestructuresofgovernmentinIndia,ithasinevitablybeenovertakenbythemassofnewresearchoverthepastfiftyyears.DesignedtotakefullaccountofrecentscholarshipandchangingconceptionsofSouthAsia'shistoricaldevelopment,TheNewCambridgeHistory

7、ofIndiawillbepublishedasaseriesofshort,self-containedvolumes,eachdealingwithaseparatethemeandwrittenbyasingleperson.Withinanoverallfour-partstructure,thirty-onecomplementaryvolumesinuniformformatwillbepublished.Asbefore,eachwillconcludewithasubstantialbi