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1、OnLibertyMill,JohnStuartPublished:1859Type(s):Non-Fiction,PhilosophySource:Feedbooks1AboutMill:JohnStuartMill(20May1806–8May1873),Englishphilosopher,politicaltheorist,politicaleconomist,civilservantandMemberofParlia-ment,wasaninfluentialliberalthinkerofthe
2、19thcenturywhoseworksonlibertyjustifiedfreedomoftheindividualinoppositiontounlimitedstatecontrol.Hewasanexponentofutilitarianism,anethicaltheoryde-velopedbyJeremyBentham,althoughhisconceptionofitwasverydif-ferentfromBentham's.Heclearlysetforththepremisesof
3、thescientificmethod.2"Thegrand,leadingprinciple,towardswhicheveryargumentunfoldedinthesepagesdirectlyconverges,istheabsoluteandessentialimport-anceofhumandevelopmentinitsrichestdiversity."WilhelmvonHumboldt,SphereandDutiesofGovernment3Tothebelovedanddeplor
4、edmemoryofherwhowastheinspirer,andinparttheauthor,ofallthatisbestinmywritings—thefriendandwifewhoseexaltedsenseoftruthandrightwasmystrongestincitement,andwhoseapprobationwasmychiefreward—Idedicatethisvolume.LikeallthatIhavewrittenformanyyears,itbelongsasmu
5、chtoherastome;buttheworkasitstandshashad,inaveryinsufficientdegree,theines-timableadvantageofherrevision;someofthemostimportantportionshavingbeenreservedforamorecarefulre-examination,whichtheyarenowneverdestinedtoreceive.WereIbutcapableofinterpretingtothew
6、orldonehalfthegreatthoughtsandnoblefeelingswhichareburiedinhergrave,Ishouldbethemediumofagreaterbenefittoit,thaniseverlikelytoarisefromanythingthatIcanwrite,unpromptedandunas-sistedbyherallbutunrivalledwisdom.4Chapter1IntroductoryTHEsubjectofthisEssayisnot
7、theso-calledLibertyoftheWill,soun-fortunatelyopposedtothemisnameddoctrineofPhilosophicalNeces-sity;butCivil,orSocialLiberty:thenatureandlimitsofthepowerwhichcanbelegitimatelyexercisedbysocietyovertheindividual.Aquestionseldomstated,andhardlyeverdiscussed,i
8、ngeneralterms,butwhichprofoundlyinfluencesthepracticalcontroversiesoftheagebyitslatentpresence,andislikelysoontomakeitselfrecognizedasthevitalques-tionofthefuture.Itissofarfrombeingnew,that,inacertainsense,it
