5、反应的速率因素:1、是否生成配离子(最主要);2、酸的浓度和强度;3、酸根离子的半径大小(决定酸根是否能穿透氧化铝薄膜取代氧化铝中的氧原子,从而使之溶解);4、反应生成的铝盐是否可溶于水!【实验验证】铝和浓盐酸反应最快的原因是: 1、生成了配离子(最主要的原因)Al+HCl(浓)=HAlCl4+H2 随着反应进行,HAlCl4+Al=AlCl3+H2 2、浓盐酸酸性很强(次要原因) 3、氯离子半径较小,可以取代氧化铝中氧,生成三氯化铝,促进反应。【资料检索】Aluminium chloride in aqueous solution.If aluminiu
6、m chloride is dissolved in a large amount of water the solution is acidic, but this has nothing to do with formation of hydrochloric acid. The solution contains hydrated aluminium ions and chloride ions:AlCl3(s) + 6H2O(l) → [Al(H2O)6]3+(aq) + 3Cl-(aq)The hexaqua complex ion behave
7、s exactly like ions of similar type formed from transition metals; the small, highly charged metal ion polarises (withdraws electron density from) the water molecules that are attached to the aluminium ion through dative covalent bonds. This makes the hydrogen atoms d+ and suscept