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时间:2018-08-06
《精讲 高考英语句子成分及配套练习》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在行业资料-天天文库。
1、高中英语句子成分一、句子成分 定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。(一)主语:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。但在therebe结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如: 1)Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemore
2、andmorepopular. 2)WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass. 3)One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls. 4)Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure. 5)Smokingdoesharmtothehealth. 6)Therichshouldhelpthepoor. 7)WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided. 8)Itisne
3、cessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.(二)谓语:谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下: 1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如:1)Hepracticesrunningeverymorning. 2、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如:1)Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.(2)由系动词加表语构成。如:1)Wearestuden
4、ts.(三)表语:表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如: 1)OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.2)Isityours? 3)Theweatherhasturnedcold.4)Thespeechisexciting.5)Threetimessevenistwentyone?6)His
5、jobistoteachEnglish. 7)Hishobbyisplayingfootball.8)Themachinemustbeoutoforder. 9)Timeisup.Theclassisover.10)Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.(四)宾语:宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如:1)Theywenttoseeanexhibitionyesterday.2)Theheavyrainpreventedmefromcoming
6、toschoolontime.3)Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.4)Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday. 5)Hepretendednottoseeme. 6)Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic. 7)Ithink(that)heisfitforhisoffice.宾语种类:(1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语),例如:Lendmeyourdictionary,please.(2
7、)复合宾语(宾语+宾补),例如:Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.(五)宾语补足语:英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补语,才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:某些及物动词(如make等+宾语+宾补)。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如:1)HisfathernamedhimDongming.2)Theypaintedtheirboatwhite. 3)Letthefreshairin.4)Youmustn’tfo
8、rcehimtolendhismoneytoyou. 5)Wesawherenteringtheroom.6)Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder. 7)Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.(六)定语:修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示:4 1)Americaisadevelopedcountry. 2)Therearethir
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