汉语口语的声调和语调—总体特性和局部特性

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1、TonalAspectsinSpokenChinese:GlobalandLocalPerspectives(汉语口语的声调和语调—总体特性和局部特性)摘要本文以声学-语音学的实验分析为基础，力图探索汉语声调和语调生成的过程，以便客观地揭示汉语语调的深层本质及内部结构。我们的注意力主要集中在以下两个问题上；（1）什么是话语语调的基本模式？它是怎样形成的？（2）具有区别词义功能的声调是怎样跟话语的总体语调有机结合的？初步的考察结果表明，话语语调的基本模式主要跟话语的总体音阶、即调阶运动有关，它的起伏波动取决于言语产生的生理制约以及语气、情感及

2、语义表达的需要。而声调模式既跟各个局部音节或词的音高变化的曲拱调形相关，又跟它们音高变化的音阶特征有关。在实际话语中，各个局部的音节或词，一方面基本保持它们的音高曲拱模式，以满足词义区别的需要，另一方面通过它们的音阶的相对起落变化，满足话语总体语调调阶起伏的需要。也就是说，在实际话语里，局部的声调跟总体的语调是通过它们的音阶的相互叠加而有机结合起来的。AbstractThepresentstudytrytoclarifythedeepessenceandstructureofChineseintonationbyobjectivelyapp

3、roachtotheproductionprocessoftoneandintonationandtheirinteractionbasedontheacoustic-phoneticobservation.Ourmainattentionispaidtoexamine(1)whatisthebasicintonationpatternforthewholecourseofutteranceandhowitisformed?(2)howthelexicaltonepatternsintegratewiththeglobalintonatio

4、npattern?Thepreliminaryresultsindicatethatintonationpatternismainlyrelatedtopitchregistermovementofglobalutterance,itisundulateddependingonphysiologicalmechanismandtheneedsofspeechmoodandsemanticexpression.Whiletonepatternismainlyreferredbothtothecontourandtheregisterofpit

5、chchangeoflocalsyllableorword,anditislexicallygiven.Inrealspeech,eachtonemustbemodifiedbyglobalintonationthroughadjustingitsrelativeregisterononehand,andkeepsitsbasictoneshapeontheotherhand.Atthesametime,theglobalintonationmustbemanifestedthroughthepitchmovementofeachlocal

6、tone.Thekeypointisthattherelationshipbetweentoneandintonationisan“algebraicsum”ofpitchregister,insteadofthatofpitchcontour.1.IntroductionIntonationisthemelodicpatternofalanguage,objectivelyreferredtothepitchmovementofanutterance,whileitsmanifestationislanguagespecific.Inre

7、specttospokenChinese,tonalaspectsarerathersignificantinitsfunctionandparticularlycomplexinitsvariation.Functionally,tonalvariationcansignallexicalidentity,speechprominence,rhythmicorganization,aswellasintonationstructure.Theseaspectsaresynchronicallycarriedthroughthesameen

8、tityoffundamentalfrequency,butbehavedindifferentwayandrealizedasdifferentprosodiccomponen